兩地家庭已成為臺灣一種新的家庭型態之一，其成因，各有因素，其中ㄧ種原因係特殊職業別的工作輪調制度所造成。在這種情況下形成的兩地家庭，對於當事人和其家庭而言，可說是較無選擇性的，以公務人員為例，此種職業相較於其他職業較具有永業性的，亦即一旦投入公務人員行列，絕大部分的人都繼續從事這份職業直到退休，因此在這種職業別下設有跨地區的工作輪調制度，大部分的人不論是否出於自願，均得接受工作的調整，然而對於已經組成家庭的人而言，跨地區的工作輪調制度多半會形成兩地家庭，其家庭關係、夫妻關係、親子關係會有什麼衝擊及影響？以及面臨何種問題？都是值得深究的課題。
本研究採質性研究之深度訪談法。研究對象總數共計8人，均為現服務於法務部及所屬各機關之公務人員，夫妻其中一方或雙方曾經因法務部之工作輪調，造成兩地夫妻，且當時兩地婚姻的狀態至少持續6個月以上並育有1個以上子女。
經分析訪談資料後，研究發現綜述如下：
一、雖有準備、有異其他家庭：因法務部暨所屬機關工作之特殊性而設有輪調制度，雖然對於將來有可能會成為兩地家庭的情形已有心理準備，但兩地家庭與其他類型家庭生活的不同，包括平日溝通無法見面，只能依賴電話聯繫、無法陪伴配偶、子女等。
二、適應與否、有賴內外支持：分隔兩地的夫妻雙方對於生活適應程度與是否有內在、外在支援有關係，因本研究訪談對象大部分分隔兩地家庭的子女年齡均較小，且多為學齡前兒童，因此由夫妻其中一方要獨力負起照顧幼兒的責任，負擔是相當重的。
三、工作繁重、另一半亦心憂：如果同時還有工作，照顧小孩更是分身術，另一方在異地工作也會擔心家中的情況。
四、時空乖隔、噓寒問暖不易：分隔兩地對於配偶和子女未能朝夕相處，減少感情聯繫，多了疏離感。
依據本研究發現，提出以下建議：
一多加溝通：建議在進入分隔兩地的生活前，應該充分和家人溝通和討論，降低分隔兩地對家庭的衝擊。
二接受支援：本研究建議適時接受內在、外在的支援可以減輕兩地家庭的生活壓力。
三常保聯繫：因此建議保持聯繫、常常溝通、定期相聚，強化夫妻關係以及和子女的關係。
四有賴有司：因工作性質特殊，同仁需配合工作歷練而調動造成的兩地家庭，建議機關可以提供住宿、交通費補貼、彈性請假制度、調動時尊重個人意願等協助，幫助同仁及其家人早日適應兩地生活，減輕壓力，讓同仁無後顧之憂。 / Economic and social transformation has created great impact and change on life, including wider disparity between wealth and poor and emergence of M-shaped society. To earn a living, it is more and more common to seek job opportunities in other places or for both spouses to be in work, which is the cause of two-location families that are more and more prevailing and have become a new family trend in Taiwan.
This study is to discuss one of the reasons for two-location families to emerge – the rotation system of particular occupations – which researchers consider less optional for the party involved and their families. For example, compared with other occupations, being civil servants is a relatively permanent career; that is, once being a civil servant, the majority stay until they retire. No matter they are voluntary or not, most civil servants have to accept the change of rotational relocation in their position. However, for those who have families, rotational relocation will lead to two-location families and it can't be neglected how the phenomenon will impact family relationship, spousal relationship, parent-child relationship and what problem will therefore occur.
In-depth interview of qualitative research is adopted in this study. The interview subjects are 8 civil servants currently employed in Ministry of Justice and the subordinating agencies and one or both of each couple was once rotationally relocated due to work, causing l two-location families that lasted for at least 6 months and raised at least 1 child. After the interview data are analyzed, findings discovered are summarized as follows:
1.Even though likelihood of two-location family due to particularity of the rotation system in Ministry of Justice and the subordinating agencies has been expected, two-location family is different from other types of family, including relying only on telephone but not face-to-face communication or not being able to accompany the spouse or children. So, sufficient communication and discussion with family members are recommended before living separately to reduce impact on the family.
2.Is internal or external support related with how long-distance spouses get accustomed to life? Because most interview subjects in this study have relatively young children in two-location families, most of whom are pre-school kids, it is a rather heavy burden for one spouse to shoulder responsible alone to take care of young children, to say nothing of being torn between looking after them and work. Besides, the spouse working in the other place will be worried about the family. So, it is recommended in this research that appropriately accepting internal or external support can relieve life pressure of being a two-location family.
3.Long distance causes alienation between spouses and children so it is recommended to stay in contact, frequently communicate and regularly gather together to strengthen spousal and parent-child relationship.
4.Due to particularity of work, fellow employees have to be relocated based on work experiences, which leads to two-location families. Therefore, it is recommended that government organizations can provide accommodation, transportation subsidies and a flexible system for taking leaves as well as respect personal choice for relocation to help fellow workers and their families to get accustomed to living in two places and relieve pressure. Also, it can help fellow workers devote themselves to work without any further concern.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0097921015 |
| Creators | 李宜璇, Lee I-Hsuan |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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