本篇論文研究主要以正式女性公務人員為對象，並採用質化研究的深入訪談法，總共有十五位女性公務人員接受訪問；另外，本篇論文引用相關的理論來觀察女性公務人員的實際生活情況。十五位女性公務人員的家庭發展階段分成未婚、已婚無子女、已婚懷孕初期、已婚育有學齡前兒童、已婚育有青少年子女、以及已婚育有成年子女等等家庭類型。
本篇論文的研究發現有下列幾點：
一、因為性別角色期待而選擇進入公務人員體制
女性因為性別角色期待選擇進入公務人員體制中。女性公務人員為了扮演生育、照顧的家庭角色；以及社會普遍認為女性適合從事公務人員；在婚姻市場裡面，女性公務人員更成為理想結婚對象。因此，女性選擇進入公務人員體制的意願提高。
二、公務人員體制具有科層制特性
公務人員體制中的科層體制強調「固定職掌」、「依法行政」、「層級節制」，並且形成特定的官僚運作方式；整個組織運作強調「客觀」、「理性」、「陽剛性質」。女性在這樣的官僚運作底下，因為其性別而被標示出來，因為整個科層組織是由男性設計與主導，女性則被看成性別化的行動者（sexualized actors）；同時科層體制的反功能造成組織成員對組織產生疏離感，不過正因為這樣的反功能有利女性公務人員兼顧家庭生活，因此，女性公務人員在兼顧家庭的工作考量中以公務人員的工作內容配合度最高。在升遷的過程當中受到男性權威與性別角色刻板印象雙重影響，「玻璃天花板」效應明顯存在而女性公務人員也無法從工作中獲得滿足。
三、公務人員體制特殊的官場文化
公務人員體制要求「去個人化」、接受新的官僚人格，以及運用特殊的組織文化，其中最盛行的就是「關係」、「人情」。光具備工作能力表現是不夠的，公務人員還必須透過「關說」、「人事背景」才能獲得長官的賞識與提拔。整個組織的在上位者多數都是男性，男性有其特殊的人際關係互動，女性公務人員必須同時去性別化與接受男性的組織網絡之後，才有可能獲得晉升的機會。
四、女性公務人員因為家庭與工作出現精疲力盡
大部分已婚的女性公務人員仍然扮演「女主內」的角色，也就是說踏進門板之後的領域全歸為女性的責任，因此，只能用「心力交瘁」的字眼來形容女性公務人員的處境，唯一值得慶幸的是，女性公務人員會尋求社會資源來解決工作與家庭兩者間的衝突。
五、女性公務人員既主動創造又被動接受性別角色期待
根據本篇論文觀察與訪談結果，女性在某種情境底下才會既主動創造又被動接受性別角色期待。那就是只有在家庭因素考量出現時，女性才會主動創造與被對接受既予的性別角色期待。為了逃避這種左右為難的窘境，女性就必須建立自主性，可是這種自主性也是在既有社會價值框架下，並不是完全的自由。因此，我認為唯有去除傳統將女性與家庭連結在一起的社會價值，進而建立兩性平等的關係。 / This paper aims mainly at qualified female civil servants, employs the qualitative method by which fifteen women are interviewed, and takes also on the relevant theories to observe their actual life experiences. The family life cycle of them is divided as following: single, married without children, pregnant, married with preschool ones, married with teenagers, and married with adult children.
In this paper I discover the facts that follows:
1. In accordance with the expectation for gender role, women choose to be civil servants.
In order to play well role on caring and childbearing in family life, on account of the common social assumption that women are suitable for the work of civil servants, and owing to the favor in the selection of marriage partner, women thus are willing to run for this status.
2. Public institution is characteristic of bureaucracy.
The working of civil service emphasizes on the fixed working contents, administrating by law, and obviously hierarchizing in levels, so this institution develops the bureaucratic feature. Under the emphases of the whole institution on the rationality, objectivity and masculinity wrought by men, women are labeled as sexualized actors. In this case, the bureaucracy produces the anti-function which on the one hand results in the alienation of the member in the organization and which on the other hand is good for women to take care of their family. In the process of promotion, the influences of male authority and gender stereotype on women forms the glass ceiling effect that defers women from the satisfaction with their works.
3. The special bureaucratic culture in public institution.
In this institution the member is required to be depersonalized, to accept a new bureaucratic trait and to implement the special organizational culture that is fashioned with human relationship and influence. Most of the higher officials are men who possess the different network of human relations from women, women must desexualize themselves to receive bureaucratic culture dominated by men for the opportunity of promotion.
4. The exhaustion of female civil servants in family and work.
A great number of married female civil servants simultaneously play the role of housewives--that is to say, women are responsible for all the things indoors. Fortunately, women, when facing this dilemma, would by the capacity of their positioning search for the social support so that they solve the confrontations between family and work.
5. Female civil servants either positively create or negatively accept the expectation for gender role.
The choice of whether to create or accept the expected gender role for women civil servants depends on certain "circumstances." That is, only when for family's sake women civil servants are forced to definitely both create and accept such given gender role. To escape this dilemma, they try to establish a kind of autonomy--neither to create nor to accept the "given" namely, to slip off the bondage of the family. However, this sort of "autonomy" is limited in the framework of social value, far from complete freedom. Consequently, I think all we have to do is change the social value of setting the bondage between women and family and strive for the equality of both sexes.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/A2002001859 |
| Creators | 蕭奕蕙, Shiao, Yi-Huey |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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