摘 要
集團企業是典型的網絡組織，綜效利益則是集團形成的策略目標。但是，集團企業究竟是如何形成綜效利益以及集團所屬各子公司所獲致的綜效利益何以有所差異，卻一直是文獻上較少探討的議題。再者，集團企業追求綜效利益的同時，網絡關係是否也會對所屬子公司產生負面的影響結果，亦是理論與實證急待釐清的缺口。
本研究運用網絡觀點與分析方式，以集團企業子公司為研究對象，探討集團內部子公司網絡關係所形成的綜效差異與彈性限制，以及綜效利益與彈性限制對子公司經營績效之影響。其次，針對集團企業網絡組織型態，本研究亦推論子公司網絡核心度的形成因素，同時分析集團控制程度對子公司網絡連結關係之影響。
根據網絡觀點的分析取向，本研究選擇資產網絡核心度與知識網絡核心度為研究集團企業內部網絡特性之範疇。經文獻回顧與理論推導，合計提出十項二十六個假說驗證本研究所提出之理論架構。透過問卷設計與資料蒐集，合計共寄發47家集團企業之442家子公司，有效之回收樣本為14家集團企業之所屬111家子公司，回收率為25.1%。
實證結果顯示，影響集團企業子公司之資產網絡核心度的前置因素包括子公司自擁優勢、自主意願與進入集團時間。影響集團企業子公司之知識網絡核心度的前置因素則包括子公司自擁優勢、自主意願、進入集團時間，以及外部合作經驗與國際化程度。針對網絡核心度對綜效利益與彈性限制之影響，分析結果顯示子公司的網絡核心度愈高，則子公司所獲得的綜效利益亦愈高；其次，網絡核心度與彈性限制的關係則是呈倒U形的結果，亦即核心度愈高或核心度愈低的子公司所受到的彈性限制愈低；反之，居於上述二者之間的子公司所承受之彈性限制最高。
最後，針對綜效利益與彈性限制對子公司經營績效之分析，實證結果支持綜效利益對子公司經營績效的正向影響結果。然而，彈性限制的負面影響僅出現在高度綜效利益的子公司群組。
針對集團控制程度對子公司網絡核心度之影響，實證結果顯示子公司自擁優勢、自主意願、進入模式與資產網絡核心度的關係會受到集團控制程度之影響。知識網絡核心度與自擁優勢、國際化程度的關係，則會受到集團控制程度的正向調節作用影響。顯示集團控制程度對自擁優勢的子公司有加分效果，因為透過集團的控制程度設計，自擁優勢的子公司將增強網絡核心地位，進而增加其綜效利益，並促進經營績效的提升。
綜合上述之實證結果，本研究發現子公司綜效利益的產生乃源於其所處的資產或知識網絡的核心地位，亦即網絡位置愈核心的子公司，愈能享受集團所帶來之綜效利益。另外，網絡地位不高不低的子公司，反而容易保有較多的彈性限制，形成網絡連結關係的犧牲者。其次，集團控制程度會強化子公司的網絡核心度，進而提高子公司的綜效利益，最後增加子公司的經營績效。因此本研究綜合結論建議，集團企業應鼓勵並協助各子公司建立網絡連結關係，以使每一位集團成員能分享綜效利益，同時降低子公司所受到之彈性限制。
關鍵詞：集團企業、綜效利益、彈性限制、網絡核心度 / Abstract
Business Group is typically a network organization. The strategic goal of business group has been the synergetic benefits. However, how business group reaches its synergetic benefits and why different affiliates share various synergetic benefits are topics that have been rarely studied. Meanwhile, the issue that business group, pursuing synergetic benefits, results in negative impact on affiliates has been the question urgent to be answered for practical and academic reason as well.
This study, by means of network concept and approach, selects affiliates of business group as the research objects. The purpose of this study is to probe the effects of varied synergetic benefits and flexible constraints among affiliates due to network relationship within a business group. Meanwhile, this study also discusses the influence of synergetic benefit and flexible constrains on affiliate performance. Regarding network organization like business group, this study also infers the variables that lead to the network centrality of the affiliates within a business group and the impact of business control on network relationship of group affiliates.
According to the analytic approach of network concept, this study chooses the property centrality and knowledge centrality as the scope of network features of business group. Following literature review and theory inference, 26 hypotheses of 10 main arguments are presented to test the theoretic framework. By survey design and data collection, 422 affiliates questionnaires of 47 business groups were sent. Valid returning mails include 111 affiliates of 14 business groups. The valid returning rate is 25.1%.
The analytical results show that the variables, affecting the affiliate centrality of property network within business group, include resource advantage, autonomous intension and entrance timing. The variables, influencing the affiliate centrality of knowledge network within business group, include resource advantage, autonomous intension, entrance timing, external alliance experiences, and internationalization. For the effect of synergetic benefit and flexible constraints on affiliate performance, the analysis result shows that the more central the affiliates within network, the higher the performance. In addition, the relation of flexible constraints and network centrality exhibits inverse U shape. That is, the more and the less central the affiliates within network, the less the flexible constraints. In other words, those affiliates between the more and the less centrality of affiliates receive much more flexible constraints.
Finally, in terms of the influence of synergetic benefits and flexible constraints on affiliate performance, result shows the more synergetic benefits an affiliate shares, the better performance it is. Nevertheless, the negative impact of flexible constraints on performance only appears on affiliates with higher synergetic benefits.
As to the influence of business control on network relationship, result shows that the relation between property centrality and resource advantage, autonomous intension, and entrance mode are moderated by the extent of business control. Same result is also found between the relation of knowledge centrality and resource advantage and internationalization. It implies that the business control reinforces the relationship between resource advantage and network centrality, by which also increases the synergetic benefits and, moreover, improves affiliate performance.
In conclusion, this study finds that the synergetic benefits of affiliates result from the centrality position of the affiliates of property network or knowledge network. In other words, the more central position an affiliate is, the higher synergetic benefits the affiliate shares within the network of business group. On the other hand, network positions between central and phenral locations take much more flexible constraints and become the sacrifices of network embeddedness. Next, the business control reinforces the network centrality, increases synergetic benefits, and, finally improves business performance of the affiliate. Thus, this study comes up with the suggestion that business group should encourage and help affiliates to embed network relationship in order to have each affiliate share synergetic benefit and reduce flexible constraints within the business group network.
Keywords: Business group; Synergetic benefits; Flexible constraints; Network centrality
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0088355501 |
| Creators | 任慶宗, Jen, Ching-Tsung Malany |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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