中共隨經濟的高度發展對能源的消耗也愈來愈高，其能源產量除了煤炭之外，其他如石油、天然氣等石化燃料都面臨不足，已經無法靠自有石油資源來因應高消耗量，也造成日漸依賴進口的能源，而其能源進口地區主要是在中東，但是中東地區政局不穩定，且這條海上運輸線需經過索馬利亞和亞丁灣，沿線海盜猖獗，麻六甲的航道又比較狹長，若航運通道遭受阻斷，將足以對中共能源供應穩定帶來衝擊。
而中共於2009年12月啟動了第一條跨國天然氣管道—中亞天然氣管道(閥門)，該管道西起土庫曼穿越烏茲別克中部和哈薩克南部地區，經新疆霍爾果斯口岸入境;這等於打通了中共和中亞地區各國的進口原油的通道。截至2014年4月中旬，從新疆霍爾果斯口岸入境的中亞天然氣管道，已累計向中共輸送天然氣達到500億立方米。
然而新疆維吾爾自治區位於中共西北部地處，自古以來就是中共向西開放的重要門戶，有長達5,600公里的邊境線，惟新疆少數民族乃未停息的宗教不安問題，一直是北京及中亞最可能的潛在引爆點。為維持中共新疆地區社會穩定、經濟健康發展、民族團結、邊防鞏固及維護和保持新疆社會大局穩定，因此中共對新疆境內分離份子的態度（新疆境內有42﹪維吾爾族人），自然是中共關切所在。因此中共於新疆地區執行各項維穩及反恐任務，來抑制少數伊斯蘭教激進份子的東突厥斯坦獨立運動思潮，來達到其穩定內部社會秩序、並藉由與國際間的反恐合作持續在反恐建設上加強作為，鞏固政權及確保經由陸路運輸的石油氣管道安全，是當前對新疆最重要及緊迫的任務;其發展對中共的能源安全戰略、擴大與中亞、南亞的能源合作、保持邊疆穩定具有十分重要價值，使得新疆作為中共石油資源戰略接替區的戰略地位更加明朗。 / While energy consumption rises significantly with the rapid economic growth, China becomes self-insufficient in all kinds of fossil fuel, such as oil and natural gas, except coal, and depends more and more on imported resources, accordingly. China exports its energy resources from the Middle East mostly, however, stable supply from this area cannot be promised. First of all, many oil-producing countries in the Middle East suffer from regime transitions; secondly, the problem of pirate in the offshore Somalia and the Gulf of Aden cannot be overcome, and it would be highly inconvenient if the sea lines through the Strait of Malacca were interrupted. Therefore, China began to construct the first gas interstate pipeline in Central Asia, which starts from Turkmenistan, central Uzbekistan, southern Kazakhstan, and enters China through the border city in Xinjian Uyghur Autonomous region, Horgos. Until mid-April 2014, this pipeline has delivered 50 billion cbm natural from Central Asia to China. However, this region, located in the Northwest China with 5,600 borderline, has been a disturbing issue for China because of conflict among ethnic and religious minorities and Chinese people. In order to maintain the stability in the economy, society and diverse ethnics in the border, China practices several policies, such as stabilization and counter-terrorism, to suppress the independence activity by Islamic extremists in Uyghuristan. Additionally, is important for China to secure the pipeline through Central Asia and the local governance by counter-terrorism with international cooperation. Therefore, Xinjian has strategic value for China regarding energy security, not just for the resource access to Central Asia, but also for the cooperation in South Asia.
Central Asia, energy security, land pipeline, stabilization in Xinjian
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0102981018 |
| Creators | 吳建霆, Wu, Jin Ting |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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