金門位處福建省南海岸與廈門、漳州、泉州對口的孤島，住民沿習中華閩南文化生活，自1949年大陸國共兩黨內戰成為台灣反共前哨，長年來的兩岸歷史恩怨，隨著歷史的變遷，時局的更迭，兩岸的敵對關係逐漸轉為緩和，進而共謀發展，其具體表徵之一為金門與廈門實施「小三通」。而小三通之實施，對於金門人來說，為前所未有之經驗，此項措施對於金門人來說，帶來何種衝擊，金門人真正需要的是什麼，自小三通實施以後，金門人的感受又是如何？此項課題值得深究，而研究者為金門的一份子，基於長年以來對於鄉土的熱愛，以學術的角度，對此議題加以研究，是理所當然亦是職責所在。
本研究為瞭解「小三通」與金門住民生活需求及滿意度，事涉受訪者主觀經驗詮釋，本文採用深度訪談法，以40歲以上金門原住民13位在不同職業、性別、年齡、居住地作為訪談對象。研究發現：
一、「小三通」以來金門住民環境依賴對岸。金門需要擴張港口基礎整建。教育環境：採認開放承認大陸學歷、規劃金門為大學城。醫療環境：開放與廈門醫院合作醫療健保。消費娛樂：提升更多元化的優質休閒管道。產業環境：創造有利的投資環境，開放陸資進駐金門、設置免稅區，提升觀光人口增加創業就業。
二、金門住民對「小三通」的生活滿意度：
（一）、交通改善最大受益是台商。
（二）、地方建設看不到實質的成效。
（三）、在文化親情方面呈一致性的滿意。
（四）、在生活品質上持正面的看法與滿意。
三、金門住民對「小三通」經濟滿意度：
（一）、對金門的復活商機呈現不滿意。
（二）、金門的資源條件遠不如廈門。
（三）、產業成長：金門酒廠除外百業萎縮，惟有旅遊業與特產業有微幅成長。
四、依據本研究發現提供以下建議
（一）、加速修正落實「離島建設條例」。
（二）、落實民生基礎建設、交通建設、水資源開發政策。
（三）、觀光產業配套：金門重新定位、流程法令鬆綁、提升觀光基礎建設內涵、實施兩岸交流合作。
（四）、落實醫療環境軟硬體設施。
（五）、落實金門設為大學島構思，作雙學歷採認制度。 / Situated as an offshore island on the Southern coast of Fujian Province and opposite to Xiamen, Changzhou and Quanzhou, Kinmen inherited Chinese culture from the South Min and its residents were thus imbued. Kinmen has become Taiwan’s outpost against China since the Civil War between KMT and the Chinese Communists in 1949. In recent years, the long-term aversion and hostility between Taiwan and China has been fading with the pass of time and change of cross-Strait political tides. In this regard, further cooperation and development are mutual concerns for both sides of the Strait, and one of the concrete symbolic policies is the so-called Kinmen-Xiamen “Mini Three Links”. For the people of Kinmen, the policy is an unprecedented experience; therefore, it is important to understand what impact will be brought forth, and what Kinmen’s residents exactly need and how they feel after the implementation. Being a local resident of Kinmen, the author tends to pay more attention and enthusiasm to this homeland; moreover, it is thus the responsibility as well for the author to concentrate on the study in the context of “Mini Three Links”.
The objective of the study is to understand Kinmen residents’ livelihood demand and satisfaction with the “Mini Three Links”. A semi-structured interview method was applied and conducted in this study, focusing on 13 local residents of different occupations, genders, ages, and townships. The findings of this study are as follows:
1. For Kinmen’s residents, their living environment deeply relies on the Mainland after the implementation of the “Mini Three Links”. Thus it is necessary for Kinmen to expand its infra-structure on harbor construction. With reference to education, it is suggested that Chinese educational system and degrees should be recognized, and a university community should be established in Kinmen. In the medical-care environment, future cooperation in health insurance with Xiamen hospitals is highly recommended. With respect to consuming and recreational conditions, it is indispensable that a pluralistic channel for upgrading leisure and recreation development has to be explored. As to the industrial environment, the policies such as creating a better investment surrounding, openness of Chinese funds in Kinmen, setting up a duty-free zone, and increasing tourists to Kinmen are also highly recommended.
2. Kinmen residents’ livelihood satisfaction with the “Mini Three Links”:
a. Taiwanese businesspeople benefit the most from the improvement of traffic.
b. Local infra-structure and construction is not substantially upgraded.
c. Residents have overall satisfaction with cultural and fraternal relations.
d. Positive opinion and satisfaction with living quality.
3. Kinmen residents’ satisfaction with economy:
a. Dissatisfaction with likely rehabilitation of Kinmen’s economy.
b. Kinmen’s resource conditions are much worse than that of Xiamen.
c. Excluding Kinmen’s liquor company, business industries have been declining. However, tourism industry and local specialties are slightly flourishing.
4. Suggestions:
a. Speeding up revision of the “Offshore Island Construction Act”.
b. Substantiating policies of infra-structure, traffic, and water resources exploration and development.
c. Repositioning Kinmen’s role in the cross-Strait relations, enhancing in-depth infra-structure in tourism industry, and strengthening cross-Strait interflow and cooperation.
d. Building up medical-care surrounding and hardware and software facilities.
e. Constructing Kinmen an Island of Universities, and bilaterally recognizing educational degrees and diplomas with China.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0095921002 |
| Creators | 王水彰, WANG SHUI CHANG |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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