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Previous issue date: 2010-02-25 / In most species of anurans, the males vocalizes and through the advertisement call information such as size and physical strength are transmitted in a manner that maintains or increases the relative attractiveness of reproductive females in the household. Thus, males may to engage in competitions acoustic or physical, limiting the acoustic space available for the vocalizations of other males. The goals of this study were to describe the acoustic behavior of Barycholos ternetzi (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937) study was conducted in October 2009, the National Forest (NF) of Silvânia in the city of Silvânia, the State of Goiás was sampled three environment different in NF: preserved gallery forest, disturbed gallery forest and open area. Males Barycholos ternetzi have wide repertoire, displayed seven distinct vocalizations: advertisement call, aggressive call, three types of fighting call, distress call and mixed call. The advertisement call was the most frequent vocalization. Vocalizations are short and pulsed structure, except for fighting call 1 and distress call, as it had three harmonics. The mixed calls are formed by the emission of two or three notes similar to the advertisement call followed by an aggressive call. The vocalizations were sent to fight in physical combat between two males, while the mixed call was sent in the aggregate at least ten individuals. This suggests that the mixed calls of B. ternetzi could be a graded aggressive call system, which allows male to gradually reduce the number of attractive elements while increasing the aggressiveness of the call. The frequency of the advertisement call was the only acoustic parameter for both the static coefficient of variation for intra and inter. Although, according to the reason CVe /CVi > 1, all parameters are potentially used in individual identification for the advertisement and aggressive calls. The
individual discrimination in low density is higher with 41% and 57.5% depending on
the call and the acoustic properties of the model. This suggests that there is difference in
ranking when compared high and low density for males of B. ternetzi, however, have
low individual distinction. For B. ternetzi, the call duration was the most important
parameter for the differences between males in the advertisement call. At the aggressive
call, dominant frequency was the most important parameter for individuals of B. ternetzi
vocalizing in high density, while the call duration to low density. The dominant
frequency is influenced by the call duration and the body size, but not by the distance
between individuals. B. ternetzi send calls longer and more frequent in low temperature
and there is a positive influence on call duration in the repetition rate, indicating that the
temporal parameters are more susceptible to fluctuations in temperature while the
spectral parameter of the honest old male. Differences in the transmission of the
acoustic parameters were seen only between the environments of the disturbed gallery
forest and open area, since the reverberation is a common distortion of sound in forests,
making the transmission more efficient in the open area. / Na maioria das espécies de anuros, os machos emitem o canto de anúncio, que contém informações como o tamanho e vigor físico. Essas vocalizações são transmitidas de maneira que mantém, ou aumenta a atratividade relativa das fêmeas no agregado reprodutivo. Dessa maneira, os machos podem engajar em competições acústicas ou físicas, limitando o espaço acústico disponível para o canto de outros machos. Com o objetivo de descrever o comportamento acústico de Barycholos ternetzi (MirandaRibeiro, 1937) o estudo foi realizado em outubro de 2009, na Floresta Nacional (Flona) de Silvânia, no município de Silvânia, no Estado de Goiás. Foram amostradas três áreas distintas na Flona: mata de galeria preservada, mata de galeria alterada e área aberta. Machos de B. ternetzi possuem amplo repertório composto por seis tipos de cantos: canto de anúncio, canto agressivo, três tipos de canto de briga e canto de agonia. O canto de anúncio é a vocalização mais freqüente. Os cantos são curtos e de estrutura pulsionada, com exceção do canto de briga 1 e de agonia, também apresentaram três harmônicos. Os cantos de briga foram emitidos no combate físico entre dois machos. B. ternetzi parece combinar canto de anúncio e canto agressivo quando havia pelo menos dez indivíduos na área. Isso sugere que B. ternetzi pode ter um sistema gradativo de agressividade,
permitindo que o macho reduza gradualmente o número de elementos atrativos e aumente a agressividade do canto. A freqüência do canto de anúncio foi o único parâmetro acústico estático tanto para os coeficientes de variação intra quanto interindividual. Embora, de acordo com a razão CVe/CVi >1, todos os parâmetros são potencialmente usados na identificação individual para os canto de anúncio e para o canto agressivo. A
discriminação individual em baixa densidade é maior com 41% e 57,5% dependendo do canto e das propriedades acústicas do modelo. Isso sugere que existe diferença na classificação quando comparados alta e baixa densidade para os machos de B. ternetzi, porém, têm baixa distinção individual. Para B. ternetzi, a duração do canto foi o parâmetro de maior importância para as diferenças entre machos no canto de anúncio. No canto agressivo, a freqüência dominante foi o parâmetro mais importante para indivíduos de B. ternetzi vocalizando em alta densidade, enquanto que a duração do canto, para baixa densidade. A freqüência dominante é influenciada pela duração do canto e pelo tamanho corporal, mas não pela distância entre os indivíduos. B. ternetzi emite cantos mais longos e mais freqüentes em baixas temperaturas e existe uma influência positiva da duração do canto na taxa de repetição, indicando que os parâmetros temporais são mais
susceptíveis às oscilações da temperatura enquanto que os espectrais, um parâmetro honesto da idade do macho. Diferenças na transmissão dos parâmetros acústicos foram percebidas somente entre os ambientes de mata de galeria alterada e área aberta, uma vez que a reverberação é uma distorção comum do som em florestas, tornando a transmissão mais eficiente em área aberta.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.bc.ufg.br:tede/3218 |
| Date | 25 February 2010 |
| Creators | Silva, Priscila Lemes de Azevedo |
| Contributors | Bastos, Rogério Pereira |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal de Goiás, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Evolução (ICB), UFG, Brasil, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB (RG) |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | Portuguese |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFG, instname:Universidade Federal de Goiás, instacron:UFG |
| Rights | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/, info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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