Egyptian fruit bats were observed in Prague Zoo, where stable conditions are provided (year-round food supply, stable temperature and roosts). The colony has bimodal breeding cycle. Births are synchronized and occur on the turn of April and May and in September. The mating occurs throughout the year but there is an increase during lactation and in the period outside parturitions. There is no obvious pattern in cluster dynamics. Bats roost in four clusters (left, middle, upper right and lower right). The presence of clusters throughout the year is stable except upper right cluster. There are changes in the number of clusters and in the number of individuals inside each cluster. Fruit bats occupy approximately the same spots in clusters, however young individuals show the highest variability. An autogrooming is balanced throughout the year, there is no regular pattern in the observation period and even no increase after artificial twilight. From these activities a licking of wing membranes and fur are the most often. The mother cares for her young especially during lactation and weaning, while the care decreases with a development of the young. This is especially true for the licking of the wing membranes. An allogrooming is the most common between male and female during lactation and in the period...

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2014-09-29T21:16:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Priscila Lemes de Azevedo Silva.pdf: 1210517 bytes, checksum: a5b53e383228fc17154950eb552b2001 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-09-29T21:43:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Priscila Lemes de Azevedo Silva.pdf: 1210517 bytes, checksum: a5b53e383228fc17154950eb552b2001 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-29T21:43:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Priscila Lemes de Azevedo Silva.pdf: 1210517 bytes, checksum: a5b53e383228fc17154950eb552b2001 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-25 / In most species of anurans, the males vocalizes and through the advertisement call information such as size and physical strength are transmitted in a manner that maintains or increases the relative attractiveness of reproductive females in the household. Thus, males may to engage in competitions acoustic or physical, limiting the acoustic space available for the vocalizations of other males. The goals of this study were to describe the acoustic behavior of Barycholos ternetzi (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937) study was conducted in October 2009, the National Forest (NF) of Silvânia in the city of Silvânia, the State of Goiás was sampled three environment different in NF: preserved gallery forest, disturbed gallery forest and open area. Males Barycholos ternetzi have wide repertoire, displayed seven distinct vocalizations: advertisement call, aggressive call, three types of fighting call, distress call and mixed call. The advertisement call was the most frequent vocalization. Vocalizations are short and pulsed structure, except for fighting call 1 and distress call, as it had three harmonics. The mixed calls are formed by the emission of two or three notes similar to the advertisement call followed by an aggressive call. The vocalizations were sent to fight in physical combat between two males, while the mixed call was sent in the aggregate at least ten individuals. This suggests that the mixed calls of B. ternetzi could be a graded aggressive call system, which allows male to gradually reduce the number of attractive elements while increasing the aggressiveness of the call. The frequency of the advertisement call was the only acoustic parameter for both the static coefficient of variation for intra and inter. Although, according to the reason CVe /CVi > 1, all parameters are potentially used in individual identification for the advertisement and aggressive calls. The individual discrimination in low density is higher with 41% and 57.5% depending on the call and the acoustic properties of the model. This suggests that there is difference in ranking when compared high and low density for males of B. ternetzi, however, have low individual distinction. For B. ternetzi, the call duration was the most important parameter for the differences between males in the advertisement call. At the aggressive call, dominant frequency was the most important parameter for individuals of B. ternetzi vocalizing in high density, while the call duration to low density. The dominant frequency is influenced by the call duration and the body size, but not by the distance between individuals. B. ternetzi send calls longer and more frequent in low temperature and there is a positive influence on call duration in the repetition rate, indicating that the temporal parameters are more susceptible to fluctuations in temperature while the spectral parameter of the honest old male. Differences in the transmission of the acoustic parameters were seen only between the environments of the disturbed gallery forest and open area, since the reverberation is a common distortion of sound in forests, making the transmission more efficient in the open area. / Na maioria das espécies de anuros, os machos emitem o canto de anúncio, que contém informações como o tamanho e vigor físico. Essas vocalizações são transmitidas de maneira que mantém, ou aumenta a atratividade relativa das fêmeas no agregado reprodutivo. Dessa maneira, os machos podem engajar em competições acústicas ou físicas, limitando o espaço acústico disponível para o canto de outros machos. Com o objetivo de descrever o comportamento acústico de Barycholos ternetzi (MirandaRibeiro, 1937) o estudo foi realizado em outubro de 2009, na Floresta Nacional (Flona) de Silvânia, no município de Silvânia, no Estado de Goiás. Foram amostradas três áreas distintas na Flona: mata de galeria preservada, mata de galeria alterada e área aberta. Machos de B. ternetzi possuem amplo repertório composto por seis tipos de cantos: canto de anúncio, canto agressivo, três tipos de canto de briga e canto de agonia. O canto de anúncio é a vocalização mais freqüente. Os cantos são curtos e de estrutura pulsionada, com exceção do canto de briga 1 e de agonia, também apresentaram três harmônicos. Os cantos de briga foram emitidos no combate físico entre dois machos. B. ternetzi parece combinar canto de anúncio e canto agressivo quando havia pelo menos dez indivíduos na área. Isso sugere que B. ternetzi pode ter um sistema gradativo de agressividade, permitindo que o macho reduza gradualmente o número de elementos atrativos e aumente a agressividade do canto. A freqüência do canto de anúncio foi o único parâmetro acústico estático tanto para os coeficientes de variação intra quanto interindividual. Embora, de acordo com a razão CVe/CVi >1, todos os parâmetros são potencialmente usados na identificação individual para os canto de anúncio e para o canto agressivo. A discriminação individual em baixa densidade é maior com 41% e 57,5% dependendo do canto e das propriedades acústicas do modelo. Isso sugere que existe diferença na classificação quando comparados alta e baixa densidade para os machos de B. ternetzi, porém, têm baixa distinção individual. Para B. ternetzi, a duração do canto foi o parâmetro de maior importância para as diferenças entre machos no canto de anúncio. No canto agressivo, a freqüência dominante foi o parâmetro mais importante para indivíduos de B. ternetzi vocalizando em alta densidade, enquanto que a duração do canto, para baixa densidade. A freqüência dominante é influenciada pela duração do canto e pelo tamanho corporal, mas não pela distância entre os indivíduos. B. ternetzi emite cantos mais longos e mais freqüentes em baixas temperaturas e existe uma influência positiva da duração do canto na taxa de repetição, indicando que os parâmetros temporais são mais susceptíveis às oscilações da temperatura enquanto que os espectrais, um parâmetro honesto da idade do macho. Diferenças na transmissão dos parâmetros acústicos foram percebidas somente entre os ambientes de mata de galeria alterada e área aberta, uma vez que a reverberação é uma distorção comum do som em florestas, tornando a transmissão mais eficiente em área aberta.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-11-08T17:53:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Israel de S? Maciel.pdf: 3184590 bytes, checksum: 1d079e88bc7d2ff9256dc558436b7cd3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-08T17:53:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Israel de S? Maciel.pdf: 3184590 bytes, checksum: 1d079e88bc7d2ff9256dc558436b7cd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-02 / CAPES / Pinnipeds produce a variety of underwater sounds that are often related to reproductive activities and social interactions. In addition, several species of seals provide evidence of vocalizations with geographical and individual variations. Most of bioacoustics researches with seals studied the terrestrial environment repertoire using linear analysis. However, some characteristics of vocalizations can not be explained with linear analysis only or taking into account only one part of the animal's life. The nonlinear phenomena (NLP) present in vocalizations (sideband, harmonic, sub-harmonic, biphonation, jump of frequency and deterministic chaos) are still poorly studied. Given the importance of this phenomena in vocalizations to individual recognition, especially in social mammals, was studied the underwater vocalizations of Antarctic seals in order to know their vocal repertoire and their NLP as well as discuss their possible function. In 2013, Brazilian Navy conducted acoustic recordings on Half Moon Island. In this collection were recorded 128GB of sound files between 12th and 30th of November. A total of 18 days of uninterrupted collections, producing 7,448 files of 3 minutes each. These recordings were taken at the presence of seals to Lobodontini Tribe. A total of 15 types of vocalizations were found in the period between days 12-16/November. A pattern in the vocalizations types L, K and E, arranged in sequence K, L and E, respectively, was observed in all seal recordings. All files presented biphonations, jumps of frequency, harmonics, sidebands and chaos in nine types of vocalizations (A, C, E, F, K, L, M, N and O). The nonlinearities were abundant on all files, being present in 75.56% (N = 1829) of vocalizations. Deterministic chaos was most common, present in 53.86% of non-linear features and 43.08% of vocalizations in general. Taking into account only the tonal vocalizations, 88.85% of vocalizations were nonlinear. The repetition of the KLE pattern also displays a recognition function. The NLP, mainly deterministic chaos, had high incidence in the studied vocalizations indicating that this type has an important role in communication. Furthermore, it seems to belong to the acoustic pattern of Antarctic?s Lobodontines. / Pin?pedes produzem uma variedade de sons subaqu?ticos que frequentemente s?o relacionados com atividades reprodutivas e intera??es sociais. Diversas esp?cies de focas apresentam evid?ncias de vocaliza??es com varia??es geogr?ficas e individuais. A maioria dos trabalhos com focas estudou o repert?rio em ambiente terrestre e com olhares para as an?lises lineares. Entretanto, algumas caracter?sticas das vocaliza??es n?o podem ser explicadas apenas com an?lises lineares ou levando em conta apenas uma parte da vida do animal. Os fen?menos n?o lineares (FNLs) presentes em vocaliza??es (banda lateral, harm?nico, sub-harm?nico, bifona??o, pulos de frequ?ncia e caos determin?stico) ainda s?o pouco estudados. Dada a import?ncia deste fen?meno nas vocaliza??es para o reconhecimento individual, principalmente em mam?feros sociais, este trabalho buscou estudar as vocaliza??es subaqu?ticas de focas ant?rticas, visando conhecer seu repert?rio vocal e seus FNLs, bem como discutir a poss?vel fun??o dos mesmos. Em 2013, a Marinha do Brasil realizou grava??es ac?sticas na Ilha Meia Lua na Ant?rtica. Nesta coleta foram registrados 128GB de arquivos de som nos dias entre 12 e 30 de novembro, totalizando 7.448 arquivos de 3 minutos cada. Nestas grava??es foi constatada a presen?a de focas pertencentes ? Tribo Lobodontini. Contatou-se tamb?m a presen?a de 15 tipos de vocaliza??es no per?odo entre os dias 12 a 16/novembro. Em todos os dias que houve grava??es de focas foi observado um padr?o nos tipos L, K e E, organizados na sequ?ncia K, L e E, respectivamente. Ap?s a inspe??o visual de todos os arquivos, foram encontrados pulos de frequ?ncia, bifona??es, harm?nicos, bandas laterais e caos determin?stico em nove tipos de vocaliza??es (A, C, E, F, K, L, M, N e O). As n?o linearidades foram abundantes em todos os arquivos, estando presentes em 75,56% (N=1829) das vocaliza??es. O caos determin?stico foi o mais comumente observado, estando presente em 53,86% das fei??es n?o lineares e 43,08% das vocaliza??es em geral. Levando em conta apenas as vocaliza??es tonais, 88,85% das vocaliza??es foram n?o lineares. A repeti??o do padr?o KLE parece apresentar uma fun??o de reconhecimento. Os FNLs, principalmente os do tipo caos determin?stico, estiveram muito presentes nas vocaliza??es estudadas, indicando que este tipo de emiss?o possui uma fun??o importante na comunica??o. Al?m disso, estes parecem pertencer ao repert?rio ac?stico padr?o de Lobodontines ant?rticos.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-27T13:46:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Sheila Pereira de Andrade - 2017.pdf: 18174270 bytes, checksum: 3b800ff30e1db743370ddf59be348aa0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-27T13:47:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Sheila Pereira de Andrade - 2017.pdf: 18174270 bytes, checksum: 3b800ff30e1db743370ddf59be348aa0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-27T13:47:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Sheila Pereira de Andrade - 2017.pdf: 18174270 bytes, checksum: 3b800ff30e1db743370ddf59be348aa0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-24 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / The genus Ololygon belongs to Hylidae and currently includes 47 species, which are divided into two groups. The Ololygon catharinae species group is composed by 34 species. In the present work, we describe a new species of Ololygon belonging to O. catharinae species group, which has its identity supported by morphological and bioacoustic characters. The new species, here treated as Ololygon sp., is characterized by its medium size (male CRC 24.39-28.79 mm, female 33.11 – 38.76 mm), snout subovoid in dorsal view, vocal slit present in males, hypertrophied forearm, absence of externally differentiated glands in the inguinal region, and flanks and hidden surfaces of thigh with irregular dark brown spots on pale yellowish background. Short advertisement call (call duration 0.29 - 0.90s), characterized by a series of 4–11 pulsed notes, with 1–11 pulses per notes, peak energy between 2067-3100 Hz. We recognize three types of call in Ololygon sp. Tadpole presents oral disc with small dorsal gap in marginal papillae, a biseriate row of marginal elongated papillae, oral formula 2(2)/3 and internal oral morphology not very different from that described for other tadpoles of the genus Ololygon. The new species is known only at the municipality of Sítio d'Abádia, state of Goiás, Central Brazil. We noted that some acoustic parameters were influenced by the body condition of males, temperature and humidity. The dominant frequency was the only acoustic variable classified as static and, for all acoustic parameters showed more variability among-males than within-males, having potential for individual recognition. / O gênero Ololygon pertence à família Hylidae e, atualmente, inclui 47 espécies, divididas em dois grupos. O grupo Ololygon catharinae é composto por 34 espécies. No presente trabalho descrevemos uma nova espécie de Ololygon pertencente ao grupo de espécies O. catharinae, a qual tem sua identidade suportada por caracteres morfológicos e bioacústicos. A nova espécie, aqui tratada como Ololygon sp., é caracterizada pelo tamanho corporal moderado (CRC macho 24.39–28.79 mm; fêmea 33.11–38.76mm), focinho subovóide em vista dorsal, presença de fendas vocais, antebraço hipertrofiados, ausência de glândulas externamente diferenciadas na região inguinal, e regiões do flanco e parte interna da coxa com manchas irregulares marrom escuro sobre fundo amarelo pálido. Canto de anúncio curto pulsionado, com duração de 0.29 – 0.90s, caracterizado por uma série de 4 – 11 notas pulsionadas, com 1-11 pulsos por notas e pico de energia entre 2067–3100 Hz. Exitem três vocalizações distintas em Ololygon sp. Girino com disco oral com pequena interrupção dorsal, papilas marginais alongadas e dispostas em duas séries, fórmula oral (LTRF) 2(2)/3 e morfologia oral interna pouco distinta da descrita para outros girinos do gênero Ololygon. A nova espécie é conhecida apenas para o município de Sítio d’Abádia, Estado de Goiás, Brasil Central. Alguns parâmetros acústicos do canto de anúncio de Ololygon sp. foram influenciados pela condição corporal dos machos, temperatura e umidade. A frequência dominante foi a única variável acústica com propriedade estática e, para todos os parâmetros acústicos, foi observada maior variabilidade interindividual do que intraindividual. Todos os parâmetros acústicos podem atuar no reconhecimento entre os indivíduos.

The subpopulation of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in the Mediterranean Sea is presently list as “Endangered”. This study is an attempt to provide detailed data on sperm whale Bachelor Groups surrounding Ischia, Italy in the Tyrrhenian Sea (Mediterranean Sea). 24 hours, 38 minutes, and 38 seconds of sperm whale Bachelor Group acoustic data was analyzed in order to describe acoustic repertoire, classify behavioral associations to acoustic types, and identify habitat-use. The data showed that the acoustic repertoire of sperm whale Bachelor Groups is dominated by Usual Clicks. Additionally, a click type that maintains an inter-click interval (ICI) in between Usual Clicks and Creaks was identified during acoustic analysis and named “Transition Clicks”. Acoustic events were categorized into Single Code and Combination Code events; representing situations where one acoustic code was heard versus situations where two or more different acoustic codes were heard simultaneously. Analysis revealed that Single Code events represented 71.25% of the sperm whale Bachelor Group acoustic repertoire. The Usual Click/ Transition Click combination represented 73.74% of Combination Code events. A significant difference was shown between time spent in Single Code versus time spent in Combination Code for Usual Clicks and for Squeals. Acoustic repertoire data revealed the possibility for a strong collaborative acoustic structure and a speculated strategy for evolutionary success among sperm whale Bachelor Groups in Ischia, Italy. Additionally, the study showed that sperm whale Bachelor Groups spend 77.87% of the analyzed time engaged in orientation/searching/foraging behavior and 1.09% engaged in socializing behaviors. Event maps revealed a ‘hotspot’ of sperm whale Bachelor Group activity in the waters to the northwest of Ischia, Italy, within the submarine Canyon of Cuma, and outside of the boundaries for the Regno di Nettuno Marine Protected Area (MPA). It is recommended that the results of this study be utilized in extending the Regno di Nettuno MPA to include the ‘hotspot’, and possible critical area, for sperm whale Bachelor Groups. The results of this study and published literature of the sperm whales in this area could be utilized to create population-specific management strategies for more effective measures in ending population decrease and preserving the species. Further research should be carried out to analyze in detail the role of Transition Clicks in sperm whale acoustics and the possibility of a collaborative acoustic structure that has yet to be displayed in any other sperm whale population worldwide.