Thesis(MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Swellendam is situated in the eastern part of the Overberg and is bounded by the districts
of Bredasdorp in the south, Caledon and Robertson in the west, Montagu and Ladisrnith in
the north, and Riversdale and Heidelberg in the east. Before colonisation mainly two
Khoikhoi tribes, the Chainouquas and the Hessequas, lived there. Because of the
favourable climate and terrain, the expansion into the interior of the European settlers after
1700 happened most rapidly across the Hottentots Holland mountains in the direction of
the Breede River. On 12 November 1743 a sub-drostdy for the Colonie in de verre
afgeleegene districten was founded and a landdrost and heemraad members were
appointed. On 26 October 1747 the Political Council decided to name this district
Swellendam. The drostdy and a number of other buildings were completed by 1747.
The pioneers applied in the Swellendam area the methods of building to which they were
accustomed, which they knew by tradition or to which they had been exposed. The plans
which were employed had either been used by previous generations or appeared widely in
the area. For almost two centuries the elongated wing plan in the form of an I, T, U, L,
etcetera was followed at the Cape. In the area studied the T-plan, especially, is most
common, with a considerable number of longhouses (I-plan) in which man and beast were
lodged under one roof.
Kapstyl (roof-truss), clay and stone houses are the three types of homes of which remnants
have been found in the Swellendam area. The kapstyl structure was used as a temporary
home and also as bam in the area under study. Clay houses were the first more permanent
structures erected in the Swellendam area. These homes were probably built without the
assistance of masons, joiners, carpenters and blacksmiths. In this area stone buildings were
primarily erected at livestock stations and, compared to clay houses, there are few
remnants of stone-built homes.
A few combination patterns have been found in the lay-out of outbuildings. Examples of
these are the stables-and-waggon shed combinations and the stables-waggon shed-kraal, as
well as the stables-waggon shed-hen's nest openings and the slave quarters-milking shedwaggon
shed combinations. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Swellendam is gelee in die oostelike deel van die Overberg en word begrens deur die
distrikte van Bredasdorp in die suide, Caledon en Robertson in die weste, Montagu en
Ladismith in die noorde, en Riversdal en Heidelberg in die ooste. Voor kolonisasie het daar
in die streek hoofsaaklik twee Khoikhoi stamme gewoon, die Chainouquas en die
Hessequas. As gevolg van die gunstige klimaat en die terrein het die binnelandse
uitbreiding van die Europese setlaars na 1700 die vinnigste oor die Hottentots-
Hollandberge in die rigting van die Breederivier plaasgevind. Op 12 November 1743 is 'n
sub-drostdy vir die Colonie in de verre afgeleegene districten gestig en 'n landdros en
heemrade is aangestel. Op 26 Oktober 1747 besluit die Politi eke Raad om hierdie distrik
Swellendam te noem. Die drostdy en 'n aantal ander geboue is teen 1747 voltooi.
Die pioniers het die bouwyse waaraan hulle gewoond was, wat hulle deur tradisie geken
het of waaraan hulle blootgestel was, ook in die Swellendam-omgewing toegcpas. Die
bouplanne wat gebruik is, is of deur die voorgeslagte aangewend, of het algemeen in die
gebied voorgekom. Vir byna twee eeue is die verlengde vleuelplan in die vorm van 'n I, T,
U, L ensovoorts, aan die Kaap gevolg. In die studiegebied kom veral die T-plan die meeste
voor met 'n beduidende hoeveelheid langhuise (l-plan) waar mens en dier onder een dak
gehuisves is.
Kapstyl, klei en kliphuise is die drie woningtipes waarvan oorblyfsels in die Swellendamstreek
aangetref is. Die kapstylstruktuur is in die studiegebied gebruik as tydelike woning
en ook as SkuUL Kleihuise was die eerste meer permanente strukture wat in die
Swellendam-omgewing opgerig is. Die wonings is waarskynlik opgerig sonder die hulp
van messelaars, skrynwerkers, timmermans en grofsmede. In hierdie streek is daar
hoofsaaklik op die veeposte met klip gebou en is daar in vergelyking met kleihuise min
oorblyfsels van wonings wat met klip gebou is.
'n Paar kombinasiepatrone is in die uitleg van buitegeboue gevind. Voorbeelde hiervan is
die stalle-en-waenhuis-kombinasies en die stalle-waenhuis-kraal, stalle-waenhuishoendernes-
openinge, en die slawekwartier-melkery-waenhuis-kombinasies.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/49771 |
| Date | 04 1900 |
| Creators | Barnard, Eureka |
| Contributors | Burden, M., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. Dept. of History. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | af_ZA |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | 305, xxii p : ill. |
| Rights | Stellenbosch University |
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