Cycling, and micromobility tools like bike share, have increasingly been recognized
for their health, economic and environmental benefits, and municipalities have recently
made encouraging the use of these modes of urban transportation both a policy and a
financial priority. Many studies, using varying methods, have identified and confirmed an
association between an increased presence and connectivity of cycling infrastructure (bike
lanes, cycle tracks, etc.) and cycling or bike share ridership. Determining a more explicit
causal link between infrastructure and ridership, however, often proves challenging to
researchers, due to data limitations and a variety of simultaneous, exogenous, factors that
abound within complex urban transportation systems. Given the financial impacts of capital
investment in infrastructure, more closely establishing this causal link, and identifying
infrastructure’s ability to generate cycling and bike share traffic, is of growing importance
to municipal governments and taxpayers. Using Hamilton Bike Share (HBS) trip logs and
GPS trajectories occurring between January, 2019 and August, 2022 (n = 741,369 and
609,746, respectively), this thesis constructs individual shapefiles of each HBS trip for GIS
analysis through Dalumpines and Scott’s (2011) GIS-Based Map-Matching Algorithm. It
investigates the impact of ten separated cycling infrastructure projects in Hamilton,
constructed between 2019 and 2022, on HBS ridership along the respective intervention
segments. The thesis also holistically analyzes the spatial and ridership impacts of one
infrastructure intervention, the Victoria Avenue cycle track, on the distribution of riders
using the segment of interest, a more precise classification of post-intervention trip natures
(‘induced’ or ‘diverted’) using a novel categorization process, and maps the impact of the
iv
segment on trip diversion to use the cycle track. Results indicate that five of the ten
interventions have had significant, positive, impacts on monthly HBS ridership along their
respective segments, with others having nearly statistically significant results as well.
Moreover, the Victoria Avenue cycle track lessened the cost of distance associated with
using Victoria Avenue, and 46.9% of trips along the cycle track post-intervention, were
determined to be ‘induced’ trips. Finally, of the streets in the Victoria Avenue cycle track’s
neighborhood, the cycle track segments were the only segments to experience ridership
increases post-intervention, which indicates a significant level of trip diversion and
funneling of trips to use the cycle track. These results enhance findings from the literature
and more concretely quantify the direct impacts of infrastructure investments. Investments
in infrastructure appear to make a significant difference in increasing ridership and serve
to benefit more than just existing riders. This thesis can have an important impact on
municipal active transportation planning, policy, and financing, through its results and by
providing a methodological foundation for future research into infrastructure’s impacts on
a variety of users. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:mcmaster.ca/oai:macsphere.mcmaster.ca:11375/28984 |
| Date | January 2023 |
| Creators | Van Veghel, Daniel W. |
| Contributors | Scott, Darren M., Geography |
| Source Sets | McMaster University |
| Language | en_US |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
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