Cycling, and micromobility tools like bike share, have increasingly been recognized for their health, economic and environmental benefits, and municipalities have recently made encouraging the use of these modes of urban transportation both a policy and a financial priority. Many studies, using varying methods, have identified and confirmed an association between an increased presence and connectivity of cycling infrastructure (bike lanes, cycle tracks, etc.) and cycling or bike share ridership. Determining a more explicit causal link between infrastructure and ridership, however, often proves challenging to researchers, due to data limitations and a variety of simultaneous, exogenous, factors that abound within complex urban transportation systems. Given the financial impacts of capital investment in infrastructure, more closely establishing this causal link, and identifying infrastructure’s ability to generate cycling and bike share traffic, is of growing importance to municipal governments and taxpayers. Using Hamilton Bike Share (HBS) trip logs and GPS trajectories occurring between January, 2019 and August, 2022 (n = 741,369 and 609,746, respectively), this thesis constructs individual shapefiles of each HBS trip for GIS analysis through Dalumpines and Scott’s (2011) GIS-Based Map-Matching Algorithm. It investigates the impact of ten separated cycling infrastructure projects in Hamilton, constructed between 2019 and 2022, on HBS ridership along the respective intervention segments. The thesis also holistically analyzes the spatial and ridership impacts of one infrastructure intervention, the Victoria Avenue cycle track, on the distribution of riders using the segment of interest, a more precise classification of post-intervention trip natures (‘induced’ or ‘diverted’) using a novel categorization process, and maps the impact of the iv segment on trip diversion to use the cycle track. Results indicate that five of the ten interventions have had significant, positive, impacts on monthly HBS ridership along their respective segments, with others having nearly statistically significant results as well. Moreover, the Victoria Avenue cycle track lessened the cost of distance associated with using Victoria Avenue, and 46.9% of trips along the cycle track post-intervention, were determined to be ‘induced’ trips. Finally, of the streets in the Victoria Avenue cycle track’s neighborhood, the cycle track segments were the only segments to experience ridership increases post-intervention, which indicates a significant level of trip diversion and funneling of trips to use the cycle track. These results enhance findings from the literature and more concretely quantify the direct impacts of infrastructure investments. Investments in infrastructure appear to make a significant difference in increasing ridership and serve to benefit more than just existing riders. This thesis can have an important impact on municipal active transportation planning, policy, and financing, through its results and by providing a methodological foundation for future research into infrastructure’s impacts on a variety of users. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

The aim of this thesis Cycling in the Central Bohemia Region is to analyse the state of cycling in selected microregion, to analyse preconditions for further development of cycling and to assess the state of cyclepaths in the microregion. The emphasis is put on the development of cycling as an equivalent means of transport. The other aim is to identify the key problems of cycling and to propose own solutions, which would lead to elimination of problems, which have been found. This thesis also includes a detailed analysis of parking cycling infrastructure and proposals for adequate measures for its improvement.

No description available.

PhD Thesis / On congested North American urban road networks, driver concerns over increased travel time play a major role in whether or not cycling infrastructure is built. This fact is recognized by transportation planning agencies in Canada and the United States, including the Ministry of Transportation Ontario and the Federal Highway Administration. However, specific frameworks to address such driver concerns do not exist within the practice of urban planning nor the academic literature. One potentially fruitful avenue is to explore the methods and tools of critical link analysis. One such avenue is provided by the Network Robustness Index (NRI) and the Network Robustness Index Calculator, as this method and tool indexes critical links through traffic simulation from least to most critical. The specific information that can be used to address driver concerns is found in the least critical links as these roadways have additional capacity, and therefore may be considered underutilized. This thesis explores the use of the NRI as a framework for urban cycling infrastructure planning. Experiments on the utility of the NRI against common traffic and cycling planning tools are explored. The NRI Calculator’s ability to perform full network scans for potential bike lane locations, least cost corridors, and full cycling networks consisting of different designs is tested throughout the chapters of this manuscript. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This thesis aids in the planning of urban bike lanes by addressing driver concerns through traffic simulation.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze the situation in cycling in selected region -- Prague. The thesis highlights the benefits of cycling in the city and its surrounding, assess the current situation and projected development. The theoretical part focuses on access to bicycle transport in Czech Republic with regard to the National Strategy of Developement of cycling transport. The practical part deals with bicycle transport in Prague. Here we find SWOT analysis, planned development of infrastructure, funding sources and methods of promotion. This thesis also provides suggestions for improving the environment for cyclists on the basis of foreign experience.

Neste trabalho são investigadas as razões da maior utilização do sistema cicloviário na cidade de Rio Claro em relação à Araraquara e São Carlos, e descobrir os principais motivos da baixa demanda de usuários nas ciclovias e ciclofaixas das cidades de Araraquara e São Carlos. Esse objetivo visa compreender também o porquê da utilização ou não do espaço destinado ao tráfego de bicicletas. Tal objetivo auxilia na obtenção de informações que possam ajudar no planejamento e no projeto da implantação de ciclovias e ciclofaixas nas cidades brasileiras. Também é realizada uma avaliação individual dos segmentos cicloviários (ciclovias e ciclofaixas) existentes nas três cidades objeto do estudo e uma avaliação geral do sistema cicloviário das mesmas, mediante, sobretudo, a comparação de dados quantitativos. O uso muito maior do modal bicicleta em Rio Claro deve-se aos seguintes principais fatores: preponderância de vias com baixa declividade na maior parte da área urbana, qualidade insatisfatória do transporte coletivo nas últimas décadas, renda média inferior da população e maior influência da cultura europeia (alemã e italiana) na colonização da cidade- países que têm grande tradição no uso da bicicleta. Os principais fatores inibidores do uso do modal bicicleta em São Carlos são: topografia acidentada (em grande parte da área urbana as vias tem rampas acentuadas), maior nível de desenvolvimento socioeconômico e falta de tradição/cultura do uso da bicicleta. Em Araraquara, são: boa qualidade do transporte coletivo nas últimas décadas, maior nível de desenvolvimento socioeconômico e falta de tradição/cultura do uso da bicicleta. São ainda discutidos os seguintes pontos relevantes: tipos de segmentos cicloviários x visão da população, impacto da bicicleta na fluidez do trânsito e segurança no uso da bicicleta. / This research investigates the reasons for the increased use of cycling system in the city of Rio Claro in relation to Araraquara and São Carlos, and discover the main reasons for the low demand of users in bicycle tracks and lanes of the cities of Araraquara and São Carlos. This goal also aims to understand why the use or not of the installation to bicycle traffic. This goal is important to obtain information that may help in the planning and implementation of bicycle paths and lanes project in Brazilian cities. An individual evaluation of existing cycling segments (bike paths and lanes) in the three cities subject of the study and an overall assessment of cycling system of them, highlighting the comparison of quantitative data performed. The far greater use of the bicycle modal in Rio Claro is due to the following main factors: preponderance of routes with low slope in most of the urban area, poor quality of public transport in recent decades, lower average incomes and greater influence of culture European (German and Italian) in the colonization of the city- countries that have great tradition in bicycle use. The main factors inhibiting the use of bicycle modal in São Carlos are: topography (largely urban area routes have steep ramps), higher level of socioeconomic development and lack of tradition/culture of cycling. In Araraquara, are: better quality of public transport in recent decades, higher socioeconomic level of development and lack of tradition/culture of cycling. Are still discussed the following relevant points: types of cycling segments x populations point of view, impact of bicycles in traffic flow and safety on bicycle use.

Neste trabalho são investigadas as razões da maior utilização do sistema cicloviário na cidade de Rio Claro em relação à Araraquara e São Carlos, e descobrir os principais motivos da baixa demanda de usuários nas ciclovias e ciclofaixas das cidades de Araraquara e São Carlos. Esse objetivo visa compreender também o porquê da utilização ou não do espaço destinado ao tráfego de bicicletas. Tal objetivo auxilia na obtenção de informações que possam ajudar no planejamento e no projeto da implantação de ciclovias e ciclofaixas nas cidades brasileiras. Também é realizada uma avaliação individual dos segmentos cicloviários (ciclovias e ciclofaixas) existentes nas três cidades objeto do estudo e uma avaliação geral do sistema cicloviário das mesmas, mediante, sobretudo, a comparação de dados quantitativos. O uso muito maior do modal bicicleta em Rio Claro deve-se aos seguintes principais fatores: preponderância de vias com baixa declividade na maior parte da área urbana, qualidade insatisfatória do transporte coletivo nas últimas décadas, renda média inferior da população e maior influência da cultura europeia (alemã e italiana) na colonização da cidade- países que têm grande tradição no uso da bicicleta. Os principais fatores inibidores do uso do modal bicicleta em São Carlos são: topografia acidentada (em grande parte da área urbana as vias tem rampas acentuadas), maior nível de desenvolvimento socioeconômico e falta de tradição/cultura do uso da bicicleta. Em Araraquara, são: boa qualidade do transporte coletivo nas últimas décadas, maior nível de desenvolvimento socioeconômico e falta de tradição/cultura do uso da bicicleta. São ainda discutidos os seguintes pontos relevantes: tipos de segmentos cicloviários x visão da população, impacto da bicicleta na fluidez do trânsito e segurança no uso da bicicleta. / This research investigates the reasons for the increased use of cycling system in the city of Rio Claro in relation to Araraquara and São Carlos, and discover the main reasons for the low demand of users in bicycle tracks and lanes of the cities of Araraquara and São Carlos. This goal also aims to understand why the use or not of the installation to bicycle traffic. This goal is important to obtain information that may help in the planning and implementation of bicycle paths and lanes project in Brazilian cities. An individual evaluation of existing cycling segments (bike paths and lanes) in the three cities subject of the study and an overall assessment of cycling system of them, highlighting the comparison of quantitative data performed. The far greater use of the bicycle modal in Rio Claro is due to the following main factors: preponderance of routes with low slope in most of the urban area, poor quality of public transport in recent decades, lower average incomes and greater influence of culture European (German and Italian) in the colonization of the city- countries that have great tradition in bicycle use. The main factors inhibiting the use of bicycle modal in São Carlos are: topography (largely urban area routes have steep ramps), higher level of socioeconomic development and lack of tradition/culture of cycling. In Araraquara, are: better quality of public transport in recent decades, higher socioeconomic level of development and lack of tradition/culture of cycling. Are still discussed the following relevant points: types of cycling segments x populations point of view, impact of bicycles in traffic flow and safety on bicycle use.

A dissertação apresenta um estudo de caso realizado na linha 4 - amarela do metrô da cidade de São Paulo, visando analisar os fatores que influenciam o uso da bicicleta no acesso às estações dessa linha. Foram realizadas 500 entrevistas nas plataformas de embarque, e nos bicicletários e pontos de bicicleta compartilhada próximos às estações da linha 4. O questionário utilizado tinha questões sobre a viagem interceptada e outros hábitos de viagem, características socioeconômicas dos entrevistados, além de solicitar o grau de concordância dos usuários com respeito a 12 afirmações relacionadas a fatores que influenciam positiva ou negativamente o uso da bicicleta. Uma análise descritiva da amostra permitiu uma avaliação preliminar das diferenças entre aqueles que acessam as estações por bicicleta e os que utilizam outros modos de transporte. Foram em seguida realizadas análises de correspondência simples que indicaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas quanto a comportamentos e hábitos de viagem entre ciclistas e usuários de outros modos para o acesso à estação. Finalmente, as respostas às 12 afirmações foram submetidas a uma análise fatorial por componentes principais, que levou à extração de três componentes principais: o primeiro relativo a aspectos que favorecem o uso da bicicleta (economia de tempo, dinheiro, infraestrutura e outros); referente ao ambiente (clima e topografia); e à segurança (pessoal e no trânsito). Os valores desses três componentes para cada indivíduo da amostra foram utilizados para a construção de um indicador de afinidade com o uso da bicicleta, que permitiu classificar os entrevistados em três grupos: Ciclistas, Potenciais Ciclistas e Não Ciclistas. A análise comparativa dos grupos gerados pelo indicador permitiu a identificação das características que distinguem os usuários de cada grupo, representando fatores importantes na decisão pelo uso da bicicleta. O conhecimento desses fatores e a maneira como influenciam os usuários é importante ferramenta para orientar a elaboração de políticas públicas que buscam aumentar o uso da bicicleta no acesso e integração com estações de metrô. / This dissertation presents a case study conducted on line 4 - Yellow of the São Paulo subway. The objective is to analyse factors influencing the use of bicycles as the access mode to subway stations. 500 interviews were conducted on metro platforms, as well as public bicycle racks and shared bicycle stations in the proximity of line 4 stations. The questionnaire includes questions about the intercepted trip and other travel habits, user socioeconomic characteristics, and assessment of user concordance with 12 statements representing factors that influence positively or negatively the use of bicycles. A descriptive analysis allowed a preliminary assessment of differences between those accessing stations by bicycle and by other modes. Simple correspondence analysis indicated statistically significant differences regarding travel behavior and habits between bike users and users of other modes for station access. Finally, a principal component analysis was conducted with answers to the 12 statements. Three principal components were extracted: a first component including aspects favouring bicycle use (time and money savings, the presence of cycling infrastructure, etc.); a second component representing environmental factors (climate and topography); and a third component representing aspects of personal security and traffic safety. An index of affinity with bicycling was proposed, based on the value of the three components for each individual in the sample, allowing the identification of three groups: Cyclists, Potential Cyclists and Non-cyclists. A comparative analysis of the groups revealed the characteristics that distinguish them, representing important factors in the decision to use bicycles. The understanding of these factors and their influence on users is an important tool to guide policy formulation aiming to increase the use of bicycle for modal integration with the subway.

A dissertação apresenta um estudo de caso realizado na linha 4 - amarela do metrô da cidade de São Paulo, visando analisar os fatores que influenciam o uso da bicicleta no acesso às estações dessa linha. Foram realizadas 500 entrevistas nas plataformas de embarque, e nos bicicletários e pontos de bicicleta compartilhada próximos às estações da linha 4. O questionário utilizado tinha questões sobre a viagem interceptada e outros hábitos de viagem, características socioeconômicas dos entrevistados, além de solicitar o grau de concordância dos usuários com respeito a 12 afirmações relacionadas a fatores que influenciam positiva ou negativamente o uso da bicicleta. Uma análise descritiva da amostra permitiu uma avaliação preliminar das diferenças entre aqueles que acessam as estações por bicicleta e os que utilizam outros modos de transporte. Foram em seguida realizadas análises de correspondência simples que indicaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas quanto a comportamentos e hábitos de viagem entre ciclistas e usuários de outros modos para o acesso à estação. Finalmente, as respostas às 12 afirmações foram submetidas a uma análise fatorial por componentes principais, que levou à extração de três componentes principais: o primeiro relativo a aspectos que favorecem o uso da bicicleta (economia de tempo, dinheiro, infraestrutura e outros); referente ao ambiente (clima e topografia); e à segurança (pessoal e no trânsito). Os valores desses três componentes para cada indivíduo da amostra foram utilizados para a construção de um indicador de afinidade com o uso da bicicleta, que permitiu classificar os entrevistados em três grupos: Ciclistas, Potenciais Ciclistas e Não Ciclistas. A análise comparativa dos grupos gerados pelo indicador permitiu a identificação das características que distinguem os usuários de cada grupo, representando fatores importantes na decisão pelo uso da bicicleta. O conhecimento desses fatores e a maneira como influenciam os usuários é importante ferramenta para orientar a elaboração de políticas públicas que buscam aumentar o uso da bicicleta no acesso e integração com estações de metrô. / This dissertation presents a case study conducted on line 4 - Yellow of the São Paulo subway. The objective is to analyse factors influencing the use of bicycles as the access mode to subway stations. 500 interviews were conducted on metro platforms, as well as public bicycle racks and shared bicycle stations in the proximity of line 4 stations. The questionnaire includes questions about the intercepted trip and other travel habits, user socioeconomic characteristics, and assessment of user concordance with 12 statements representing factors that influence positively or negatively the use of bicycles. A descriptive analysis allowed a preliminary assessment of differences between those accessing stations by bicycle and by other modes. Simple correspondence analysis indicated statistically significant differences regarding travel behavior and habits between bike users and users of other modes for station access. Finally, a principal component analysis was conducted with answers to the 12 statements. Three principal components were extracted: a first component including aspects favouring bicycle use (time and money savings, the presence of cycling infrastructure, etc.); a second component representing environmental factors (climate and topography); and a third component representing aspects of personal security and traffic safety. An index of affinity with bicycling was proposed, based on the value of the three components for each individual in the sample, allowing the identification of three groups: Cyclists, Potential Cyclists and Non-cyclists. A comparative analysis of the groups revealed the characteristics that distinguish them, representing important factors in the decision to use bicycles. The understanding of these factors and their influence on users is an important tool to guide policy formulation aiming to increase the use of bicycle for modal integration with the subway.

This thesis is a comprehensive look at cycling in Slovakia and the possibility of its further development - legislation, funding, policies and strategies. The main objective of the paper is to analyze the state of cycling and cyclo touring in Bratislava and its surroundings. The analysis includes evaluation of the current state of the network of cycle paths and future cycle routes projects in the city, cycling and other forms of transport as well as suggestions for the future.