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Previous issue date: 2007-12-13 / This research analyses the construction of the agroecologic debate in Brazil. The aim is
comprehend the emerging and the evolution of agroecologic question in several social actors
agenda and the importance the theme was assuming to each of them. That construction was
made with the following basis: the experience of PTA/FASE net; the rural social movements,
specially the rural syndical movement and the MST; some State institutions, principally the
ATER National Policy and EMBRAPA referential marc. Beyond the theme in discussion, it
was intended to have a historic recuperation for each of the actors considered, about their
main questions and objects of fight, since the 1980 s up to nowadays, the period our analysis
is about. The research also intends to investigate the aspects which collaborated for the
expressive growing of the agroecology discussion in the country and the main obstacles for its
effective incorporation by those social actors, which constituted a fundamental element,
essential for the formulation of an alternative proposition for the Brazilian agriculture
development. Starting from the empiric material collected interviews with qualified actors
and the using of technical-scientific works, congress resolutions and other existent documents
we verified that the agroecologic debate has grown considerably in the last two decades.
Initially restricted to a small group of intellectuals and professionals, specially from agrarian
sciences, and centered in alternative technologies, the debate started being incorporated by
different social actors basis organizations, rural social movements, assessors institutions,
educational, rural researching and extending institutions , becoming the worry about
agroecology an important element for the formulation of public policies for familiar
agriculture. The incorporation of agroecology referential and the use of participative
methodologies have modified significantly the intervention strategies from NGOs. Instead of
working with technology transference they started searching for a more systemic intervention which consider the ecological, economic and cultural agriculturists rationalities. The
agroecology national re-articulation, with the creation of ANA and ABA-Agroecologia, has
become the debate stronger and has grown the agroecology political legitimacy. The
continuous dialogue and the narrow of relations between them constitute an important
challenge for the agroecology progress, even in political or in technological fields. However,
this theme is still being incorporated and interpreted in very different ways among
agroecological organizations. In social movements, as in educational, research and extending
institutions, the incorporation is growing, but the experiences and the practical actions are still
isolated and developed by a minor number of people. Make the agriculturist have an active
role in productive process, as a technician mediating the popular and the scientific knowledge,
is a very complex process. It requires that the technician reconsider the power that the
scientific knowledge, first of all, can give him or her, and it requires a re-thinking about the
ways and the methods used during decades by technical assistants and rural extending
professionals, including the NGOs. Although the agroecologic debate has presented a strong
growing in the last years and the theme has gained more and more legitimacy and recognition,
the main challenge for a more effective incorporation and a more generalization of these
agroecological innovation experiences is a political challenge. The agrobusiness power in
Brazilian economical policy and in agriculture constitutes a large obstacle for a progress in
the formulation of a democratic and sustainable project of rural development for the country,
based in familiar agriculture and in agroecology. / viii
RESUMO
Esta tese analisa a constru??o do debate agroecol?gico no Brasil. O objetivo ? entender o
surgimento e a evolu??o da quest?o agroecol?gica na agenda de diferentes atores sociais
rurais e a import?ncia que o tema vai assumindo para cada um deles. Esta constru??o foi feita
tendo por base: a experi?ncia da Rede PTA/FASE; os movimentos sociais rurais,
especialmente o movimento sindical rural e o MST; algumas institui??es do Estado,
principalmente a Pol?tica Nacional de ATER e o Marco Referencial da EMBRAPA. Para
al?m do tema em quest?o, procurou-se fazer um resgate hist?rico, para cada ator social
considerado, de suas principais quest?es e bandeiras de luta, desde a d?cada de 1980 at? os
dias atuais, per?odo em que se concentra nossa an?lise. A tese procura investigar tamb?m os
fatores que colaboraram para o expressivo crescimento do tema agroecologia no pa?s e os
principais entraves para que o mesmo seja efetivamente incorporado por estes atores sociais,
constituindo-se em um elemento fundamental indispens?vel para a formula??o de uma
proposta alternativa de desenvolvimento para a agricultura brasileira. A partir do material
emp?rico coletado atrav?s de entrevistas com atores qualificados e da utiliza??o de trabalhos
t?cnico-cient?ficos, resolu??es de congressos e outros documentos existentes constatamos
que o debate agroecol?gico cresceu consideravelmente nas duas ?ltimas d?cadas. Inicialmente
restrito a um pequeno grupo de intelectuais e profissionais, especialmente das ci?ncias
agr?rias, e centrado nas tecnologias alternativas, este debate foi sendo incorporado por
diferentes atores sociais organiza??es de base, movimentos sociais rurais, institui??es de
assessoria, institui??es de ensino, pesquisa e extens?o rural , tornando-se a preocupa??o com
a agroecologia um elemento importante na formula??o de pol?ticas p?blicas para a agricultura
familiar. A incorpora??o dos referenciais da agroecologia e o uso de metodologias
participativas alteraram significativamente as estrat?gias de interven??o das ONGs. Ao inv?s
de trabalhar com transfer?ncia de tecnologias passaram a buscar uma interven??o mais
sist?mica que leve em conta as racionalidades ecol?gicas, econ?micas e culturais dos
agricultores. A rearticula??o nacional da agroecologia, com a cria??o da ANA e da ABAAgroecologia,
fortaleceu o debate e aumentou a legitimidade pol?tica da agroecologia. A
continuidade do di?logo e o estreitamento das rela??es entre ambas constituem um importante
desafio para o avan?o da agroecologia, tanto no campo pol?tico quanto tecnol?gico. No
entanto, esta tem?tica ainda est? sendo incorporada e interpretada de forma bastante desigual
entre as organiza??es do campo agroecol?gico. Nos movimentos sociais, assim como nas
institui??es de ensino, pesquisa e extens?o rural, a incorpora??o ? crescente, por?m as
experi?ncias e a??es pr?ticas ainda s?o pontuais e desenvolvidas por uma minoria.
Transformar o agricultor em sujeito do processo produtivo, com o t?cnico sendo um mediador
entre o conhecimento popular e o cient?fico, ? um processo bastante complexo. Exige que o
t?cnico reconsidere o poder que o saber cient?fico, em princ?pio, lhe propicia e requer um
repensar das formas e dos m?todos utilizados durante d?cadas pelos profissionais de
assist?ncia t?cnica e extens?o rural, inclusive das ONGs. Embora o debate agroecol?gico
tenha apresentado forte crescimento nos ?ltimos anos e o tema esteja ganhando cada vez mais
legitimidade e reconhecimento, o principal desafio para a incorpora??o mais efetiva e a maior
generaliza??o destas experi?ncias de inova??o agroecol?gica ? pol?tico. A for?a do
agroneg?cio na pol?tica econ?mica e na agricultura brasileira constitui um grande entrave para
o avan?o na formula??o de um projeto democr?tico e sustent?vel de desenvolvimento rural
para o pa?s, ancorado na agricultura familiar e na agroecologia.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:tede/693 |
| Date | 13 December 2007 |
| Creators | Luzzi, Nilsa |
| Contributors | Delgado, Nelson Giordano |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Curso de P?s-Gradua??o em Desenvolvimento, Agricultura e Sociedade, UFRRJ, Brasil, Ci?ncias Sociais Aplicadas |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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