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Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / CAPES / Faperj / Brazil is the biggest sugarcane producer of the world with cultivated area superior to nine millions hectares. To reach economically viable productivity levels it is necessary to make use of high amounts of N fertilizers. These fertilizers are high cost and they also can contribute to emission of greenhouse gases and pollution of watercourses, as well as, to influence directly on the decomposition of the soil organic matter (SOM). In this context to understand how interactions between nitrogen and SOM occurs in sugarcane fields is important from both economic and environmental points of view. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate quantity and quality of soil carbon when different doses of nitrogen are added in the form of ammonium sulphate in a sugarcane raw agro-ecosystem in an ultisol from Coastal Plains. The experiment was conduced in sugarcane fields renovated in 2009 in area of the company LASA alcohol distillery, in Linhares - ES, in an Ultisol with sandy to medium texture, from Coastal Plain environment. The variety of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) used was RB918639. There were evaluated five treatments of N ammonium sulphate doses: 0 (control), 80, 100, 120 and 160 kg of N per ha-1 with four repetitions, established under experimental design of randomized blocks. Each experimental unit (plot) was 70 m? (5 lines with 10 m, spaced by 1.4 m between lines). Samples of plant and soil were collected in September 2013 and 2014, corresponding to 4th and 5th harvest. The results indicated that among the N doses evaluated, the doses of 100 and 120 kg were the most efficient on accumulating carbon on the humic fractions, particle size, densimetric and oxidizable carbon fractions. The dose of 160 kg was the less effective to carbon accumulation on the humic fractions, particle size, densimetric and oxidizable carbon fractions. Total nitrogen, natural abundance of 13C and 15N, stem and straw production were not influenced by N rates, with no differences on any of the seasons. About the elemental composition of humic acids (HA), the quantities of chemicals were very similar between doses and coherent with results in the literature for the HA. In the E4/E6 ratio, the dose of 160 kg of N was the one with the lowest E4/E6 ratio. Regarding the infrared with Fourier transformation it was observed the predominance of aliphatic groups, and the analysis of major components enabled the clear separation of the effects from different N doses. In the 13CNMR prevailed larger amounts of aliphatic carbons, it was confirmed with the aliphaticity index of the samples, the results were above 80% for all samples. It was also verified through the 13 CNMR that the control area and the dose of 160 kg had the lowest aromaticity rates. Therefore, it was concluded that different fractionations of organic matter along with spectroscopic techniques were effective on evaluating the influence of different nitrogen doses to the decomposition of SOM. / O Brasil ? o maior produtor mundial de cana-de-a??car, com ?rea plantada que ultrapassa os nove milhoes de hectares. Para obter produtividade economicamente vi?vel da cultura, s?o utilizadas elevadas doses de fertilizantes nitrogenados. Tais fertilizantes possuem elevados custos economicos, podem contribuir para emiss?o de gases do efeito estufa e para polui??o de cursos de ?gua, al?m de infuenciarem de forma direta na decomposi??o da mat?ria org?nica do solo (MOS). Neste contexto, entender como ocorre a intera??o entre o nitrog?nio e a MOS no cultivo da cana ? importante tanto do vista economico quanto ambiental. Assim sendo o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a quantidade e qualidade do carbono do solo em fun??o de diferentes doses de nitrog?nio adicionado na forma de sulfato de am?nio no agroecossistema cana-de-a??car crua em Argissolo Amarelo de Tabuleiro Costeiro. O experimento foi instalado em canavial renovado em 2009, em ?rea cedida pela Usina LASA, no munic?pio de Linhares ? ES, em Argissolo Amarelo de textura arenosa/m?dia, no ambiente de Tabuleiros Costeiros. A variedade da cana-de-a??car (Saccharum spp.) utilizada foi a RB918639. Foram avaliados cinco tratamentos/doses de N-sulfato de am?nio quais sejam: 0 (testemunha), 80, 100, 120 e 160 kg ha-1 de N com quatro repeti??es, estabelecidos segundo delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso. Cada unidade experimental (parcela) tinha 70 m? (5 linhas com 10 m, espa?adas 1,4 m). As amostras de planta e terra foram coletadas no m?s de setembro de 2014, correspondendo ? 4? soca. Os resultados indicaram que as doses de 100 e 120 kg, foram as mais eficientes para acumular o carbono nas fra??es h?micas, granulom?tricas, densim?tricas e nas fra??es do carbono oxid?vel. A dose de 160 kg foi a menos eficiente para acumular o carbono nas fra??es h?micas, granulom?tricas, densim?tricas e nas fra??es do carbono oxid?vel. O nitrog?nio total, a abund?ncia natural de 13C e 15N e a produtividade de colmo e palhada n?o apresentaram diferen?as significativas. Na composi??o elementar dos ?cidos h?micos (AH), as quantidades dos elementos qu?micos foram bem semelhantes entre as doses e coerentes com resultados na literatura para os AH. Para o coeficiente E4/E6 a dose de 160 kg de N foi a que apresentou o menor coeficiente E4/E6. Em rela??o ao infravermelho com transforma??o de Fourier verificou-se o predom?nio de grupamentos alif?ticos, e a analise de componentes principais possibilitou a separa??o clara do efeito das diferentes doses de N. No RMN C prevaleceram maiores quantidades de carbonos alif?ticos, isto foi confirmado com o ?ndice de alif?ticidade das amostras que foram superiores a 80 % para todas as amostras. Verificou-se tamb?m atrav?s do RMN 13C que a testemunha e a dose de 160 kg foram as que apresentaram menores ?ndices de aromaticidade. Portanto, conclui-se que os diferentes fracionamentos bem com as t?cnicas espectrosc?picas foram eficientes para avaliar a influencia das diferentes doses de N na decomposi??o da MOS.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:jspui/1409 |
| Date | 22 February 2016 |
| Creators | ASSUN??O, Shirlei Almeida |
| Contributors | Anjos, L?cia Helena Cunha dos, Oliveira, Ana Paula Pessim de, Oliveira, Ana Paula Pessim de, Garcia, Andr?s Calder?n, Fontana, Ademir |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Agronomia - Ci?ncia do Solo, UFRRJ, Brasil, Instituto de Agronomia |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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