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Previous issue date: 2010-05-27 / The hydric erosion is one of main environmental impact in Central Amazonia region, causing serious economic consequences for implantation and recovery of operational locations of PETROBRAS S/A oil and natural gas exploration and production sites. This study was carried through in Petroliferous Province of Urucu, municipality of Coari (AM). The objective was to quantify soil loss (SL) and runoff (SD) in different soil classes and under vegetal coverings using a portable rain simulator. Sixteen batteries of tests were done, eight batteries for each soil class (Fluventic Dystrustepts e Kanhaplic Haplustults). For each battery three repetitions had been made in the following covers: forest, forest without litter and grass. The results of Tukey test at 0.05 level showed that soil classes were not significantly different between themselves. On the other hand, the organic carbon percentage and the soil bulk density had greatest importance for the soil loss. These attributes, plus fine sand and clay, influenced most in the runoff. It was also possible to observe that runoff was the attribute of highest correlation with soil loss. The conversion of forest areas into grass increased, at least, four times the water runoff, changing it from 14.2 mm to 57.7 mm in the grass area, and, at least, two times loss of soil mass, achieving the value of 35.68 t.ha-1.year-1 in the grass area. Although with these values, grassy areas only differed significantly from the forest areas in the runoff. The runoff values tend to increase twofold when litter is removed from the forest soils, while the soil losses increased 40%. The attributes that were important for the soil classes were the same for cover types, however with differences in the attribute clay content for soil loss, and coarse sand for runoff. For the studied treatments, the attribute that showed highest correlation with soil loss was runoff. / A eros?o h?drica ? um dos principais impactos ambientais na regi?o da Amaz?nia Central, causando s?rias conseq??ncias, inclusive econ?micas, para a implanta??o e recupera??o de loca??es operacionais de explora??o e produ??o de petr?leo e g?s natural da PETROBRAS S/A. Este estudo foi realizado na Prov?ncia Petrol?fera de Urucu, munic?pio de Coari (AM) e teve como objetivo quantificar a perda de solo (PS) e o escoamento superficial (ES) em diferentes grupos de solo e coberturas vegetais, utilizando um simulador de chuva port?til. Foram efetuadas 16 baterias de testes, sendo 4 baterias para cada grupo de solo (ARGISSOLO AMARELO Al?tico, ARGISSOLO VERMELHO-AMARELO Al?tico, CAMBISSOLO H?PLICO Al?tico e CAMBISSOLO H?PLICO Tb Distr?fico). Em cada bateria foram realizados tr?s repeti??es nas seguintes coberturas: floresta, floresta sem serrapilheira e gram?nea. As classes de solo n?o diferiram significativamente entre si ao n?vel de 5%, segundo o teste de Tukey. Para a PS, a porcentagem de carbono org?nico e a densidade do solo t?m grande import?ncia para os grupos de solo. Esses atributos, mais a areia fina e argila influenciaram o ES. Tamb?m foi poss?vel observar que o escoamento foi o atributo com maior coeficiente de correla??o com a perda de solo. A convers?o das ?reas de floresta em gram?nea aumentou em no m?nimo quatro vezes a l?mina de ?gua escoada, passando de 14,2 mm para 57,7 mm na gram?nea e, no m?nimo, duas vezes a massa de solo perdida, chegando a 35,8 t.ha-1.ano-1 na gram?nea. Apesar desses valores, as ?reas cobertas por gram?neas apenas diferiram significativamente das ?reas de florestas em rela??o ao ES. Quando se retira a serrapilheira em solos florestais, os valores de escoamento dobram, enquanto que as perdas aumentam em 40%. Os atributos que tiveram import?ncia para as classes de solo foram os mesmos para os tipos de coberturas, por?m com diferen?as no atributo teor de argila para a perda de solo e no teor de areia grossa para o escoamento. Para os tratamentos estudados, o escoamento continua sendo o atributo com maior coeficiente de correla??o com a perda.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:jspui/1596 |
| Date | 27 May 2010 |
| Creators | MACHADO, Frederico Santos |
| Contributors | Ceddia, Marcos Bacis, Carvalho, Daniel Fonseca de, Ceddia, Marcos Bacis, Silva, Leonardo Duarte Batista da, Seabra, Paulo Negrais Carneiro |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Agronomia e Ci?ncia do Solo, UFRRJ, Brasil, Instituto de Agronomia |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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