任何地區、國家，無論發生自然或人為災害，事故一旦發生都有其共通現象就是「形成災難」緊急救援，爾後再依相關情況研判是為自然或人為災害，災情是逐次明朗，風災、水災、震災如此，其他災害亦是如此；當一個國家之「國土安全」面對不安定的情勢或緊急狀況下，無法阻止或處理、甚至於潛在持續惡化之重大變故，其國家之軍隊可證明國家有持續(恢復)政府功能運作之能力。這些「非戰爭行為之軍事行動」包含：災難援助、反恐怖主義行動、人道救援協助、環境保護、大規模支援反毒行動、環境許可下的撤僑及維和行動等。
我國現階段國防政策以「預防戰爭、國土防衛、反恐制變」為基本目標；另在強化全民防衛理念上，兼顧「國防安全」和「危機應變」考量，積極配合各部會整合，建構完整之機處理應變機制，於發生重大危機、事故或緊急災難時，在不影響國軍戰備、不破壞國軍指揮體系、不超過國軍支援能力範圍之原則下，於第一時間投入國軍的人力與資源，依法提供國家社會及人民必要的災難援助支援。
觀察國內過去幾次重大災害的救災行動，由於「國軍」最具組織性、紀律化、機動快、效率高的特性，能使救災的行動更快速又有效。然而，歷經921大地震、八八風災後，發現國軍執行救災因國內救災體系、法制的不完備，使得國軍救災的能力受限，無法發揮該有的效用；因此，政府從各層面深入檢討，完成了一系列的精進措施，在馬總統出席民99年國軍重要幹部研習會時指示：「災害防救」是國軍中心任務，國軍要「超前部署、預置兵力，隨時防救，防災重於救災，離災優於。」在之後的幾次颱風來襲期間，國軍超前預置兵力有效降低災損發揮了相當的效果，也顯示出國軍遂行災害救援的重要性。
綜上，提昇國軍災害救援能力，符合國防政策基本方針，亦符合政府施政目標，確保人民生命財產安全，國軍應持續強化執行非軍事行動能力，俾利確保國土安全。 / No matter what regions, nations, natural or manmade disasters, it will soon come with disaster rescue. After that, it depends on what kind of disasters. When a country cannot deal with the national security, the armed forces can prove that a country can run their government continually. These MOOTW include disaster rescue, counter-terrorism, humanity rescue assistance, environment protection, anti-drug action, approval evacuation and peace keeping.
The Defense Policy of our country is based on war prevention, national defense and anti-terrorism action now. It also concerns about defense security and crisis reaction to strengthen national defense idea, and cooperates with other departments in order to build a whole crisis reaction. When the crisis happens, the armed forces will send people and other resources to help them without affecting national combat readiness, violating armed forces command system, and overloading the armed forces supportive ability. According to the law, it will provide assistance for the disasters.
According to the major disaster rescue in the past, the armed forces can do it effectively because of their buildup, discipline and mobility. However, during the natural disaster of earthquake, typhoon, we realize that the troops and law on the disaster rescue are not good enough to cover all situations. The armed forces ability is also limited by the law, and cannot be effectively. After inspecting, the government finishes a series of solutions. During a major member meeting on armed forces, the President Ma said that disaster rescue is the main purpose of our armed forces. The military should deploy before the natural disaster, and prevent for the natural disaster all the time. Prevention is better than rescue. During some typhoon disasters, the armed forces follow the policy and do it effectively. It also shows the importance of armed forces when doing the disaster rescue.
Above all, increasing armed forces ability on disaster rescue fits to our defense policy, the government goal, and also ensures the people and property safe. Tha armed forces should continue and strengthen the non-military action ability to ensure the national security.
Key words: national security, MOOTW, armed forces, disaster rescue.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0099981005 |
| Creators | 張瑞鈴 |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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