任何地區、國家，無論發生自然或人為災害，事故一旦發生都有其共通現象就是「形成災難」緊急救援，爾後再依相關情況研判是為自然或人為災害，災情是逐次明朗，風災、水災、震災如此，其他災害亦是如此；當一個國家之「國土安全」面對不安定的情勢或緊急狀況下，無法阻止或處理、甚至於潛在持續惡化之重大變故，其國家之軍隊可證明國家有持續(恢復)政府功能運作之能力。這些「非戰爭行為之軍事行動」包含：災難援助、反恐怖主義行動、人道救援協助、環境保護、大規模支援反毒行動、環境許可下的撤僑及維和行動等。 我國現階段國防政策以「預防戰爭、國土防衛、反恐制變」為基本目標；另在強化全民防衛理念上，兼顧「國防安全」和「危機應變」考量，積極配合各部會整合，建構完整之機處理應變機制，於發生重大危機、事故或緊急災難時，在不影響國軍戰備、不破壞國軍指揮體系、不超過國軍支援能力範圍之原則下，於第一時間投入國軍的人力與資源，依法提供國家社會及人民必要的災難援助支援。 觀察國內過去幾次重大災害的救災行動，由於「國軍」最具組織性、紀律化、機動快、效率高的特性，能使救災的行動更快速又有效。然而，歷經921大地震、八八風災後，發現國軍執行救災因國內救災體系、法制的不完備，使得國軍救災的能力受限，無法發揮該有的效用；因此，政府從各層面深入檢討，完成了一系列的精進措施，在馬總統出席民99年國軍重要幹部研習會時指示：「災害防救」是國軍中心任務，國軍要「超前部署、預置兵力，隨時防救，防災重於救災，離災優於。」在之後的幾次颱風來襲期間，國軍超前預置兵力有效降低災損發揮了相當的效果，也顯示出國軍遂行災害救援的重要性。 綜上，提昇國軍災害救援能力，符合國防政策基本方針，亦符合政府施政目標，確保人民生命財產安全，國軍應持續強化執行非軍事行動能力，俾利確保國土安全。 / No matter what regions, nations, natural or manmade disasters, it will soon come with disaster rescue. After that, it depends on what kind of disasters. When a country cannot deal with the national security, the armed forces can prove that a country can run their government continually. These MOOTW include disaster rescue, counter-terrorism, humanity rescue assistance, environment protection, anti-drug action, approval evacuation and peace keeping. The Defense Policy of our country is based on war prevention, national defense and anti-terrorism action now. It also concerns about defense security and crisis reaction to strengthen national defense idea, and cooperates with other departments in order to build a whole crisis reaction. When the crisis happens, the armed forces will send people and other resources to help them without affecting national combat readiness, violating armed forces command system, and overloading the armed forces supportive ability. According to the law, it will provide assistance for the disasters. According to the major disaster rescue in the past, the armed forces can do it effectively because of their buildup, discipline and mobility. However, during the natural disaster of earthquake, typhoon, we realize that the troops and law on the disaster rescue are not good enough to cover all situations. The armed forces ability is also limited by the law, and cannot be effectively. After inspecting, the government finishes a series of solutions. During a major member meeting on armed forces, the President Ma said that disaster rescue is the main purpose of our armed forces. The military should deploy before the natural disaster, and prevent for the natural disaster all the time. Prevention is better than rescue. During some typhoon disasters, the armed forces follow the policy and do it effectively. It also shows the importance of armed forces when doing the disaster rescue. Above all, increasing armed forces ability on disaster rescue fits to our defense policy, the government goal, and also ensures the people and property safe. Tha armed forces should continue and strengthen the non-military action ability to ensure the national security. Key words: national security, MOOTW, armed forces, disaster rescue.

The research conducted for this master’s thesis determined that the People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA) current participation in military operations other than war (MOOTW) does not make significant contributions to its ability to develop its capability to conduct a large-scale war. Research was performed on the PLA’s MOOTW missions from 2008 in the areas of humanitarian aid and disaster response (HA/DR), noncombatant evacuation operations (NEO), and counterpiracy. General trends indicated that the PLA’s participation in these operations improved basic military capabilities that are fundamental to performing advanced tactics, but did not directly contribute to its ability to dominate air, land, and sea domains. Research also concluded that China is extremely concerned about how the international community views its role as a responsible stakeholder as an emerging global power. Consequently, the U.S. should be concerned with China’s growing capability to project goodwill as a result of its rapid military modernization. Besides the obvious military competition presented by the PLA’s modernization efforts, the U.S. should share an equal, if not greater concern for the resultant global political competition from China. This research develops a military cooperation framework based on the comparison of relative political goals and political interests between two nations. When applied to Sino-U.S. relations, it presents a spectrum of options available to U.S. decision makers, but suggests that U.S. should only participate in military cooperation with the PLA if there are relative political advantages to the U.S. Finally, it warns against decisions made out of the convenience of short-term interest alignment that do not contribute to solutions for achieving long term political goals.

隨著人類社會走向多極化和全球化，國際格局嚴重失衡，霸權主義繼續推行擴張政策，世界政治經濟秩序持續不公正，南北差距拉大，文明衝突加劇，社會發展與自然環境失諧，導致恐怖主義猖獗、生態環境惡化、自然災害頻發、武器擴散加劇和跨國犯罪增多等，非傳統安全威脅油然而生，而軍隊作為維護國家安全的戰略資源，不僅要以戰爭及其準備的方式維護傳統安全利益，也要以非戰爭軍事行動的方式加以應對。對此，各國紛紛提出非戰爭軍事行動的方案和規劃，處理國內各類突發事件和危機，另根據各國的情況加強非戰爭軍事行動的實踐，且廣泛運用非戰爭軍事行動開展國際合作。 美國是率先將戰爭軍事行動寫入軍隊作戰任務的國家，其認為冷戰結束世界發生大規模戰爭的機率只剩50％，而小規模的常規戰爭和「非戰爭」形態行動的可能性為100％，因此人道救援、救災搶險、撤僑、反恐、緝私、鎮壓暴亂等「非戰爭軍事行動」，成為軍隊新職能、軍事競爭新領域和大國角逐新平臺，諸如2004年的雅典奧運會和2006年的世界盃足球賽，希臘和德國均動用近萬名的軍人參與安保，北約還派出軍艦和預警機協助。近年在國內外多次舉行的非傳統安全理論研討會上亦產生非戰爭軍事行動地位作用明顯上升之共識，其理論發展及其實踐創新，深刻反映了當代軍事力量建設運用的重要趨勢。 非戰爭軍事行動任務因各國國情與地域而有所差異。如非洲較關切難民與種族屠殺等問題；東、南亞地區則著重恐怖主義、海盜、天災與傳染病等問題；北美則偏重恐怖主義與非法軍火、毒品走私等問題；日本則重視天然災害中震災與水災等問題；惟就中共而言，其腹地廣、人口眾、國際地位亦日益提升，鑑此，衍生出多種安全威脅，故其非戰爭軍事行動任務則涵蓋搶險救災、國際維和、反恐維穩、奧運安保、國慶閱兵、緊急撤僑、聯外軍演及人道救援等，如何強化並有效執行業已成為中共當局值需關注之議題。

本論文主要希望能夠藉由軍事準則一非作戰軍事行動(Military Operations Other Than War, MOOTW)的實務操作面向去分析「美日防衛合作新指針」中「雙方平時合作事項」，運用理論與實踐去檢證美日軍事合作對國際社會的貢獻與對台海的適用性。因為，在未來亞太安全與和平上，日本將扮演更積極角色與參加國際事務，那對曾受迫害的亞洲地區民族而言，如果無法保持客觀、理性的中立立場去觀察，那將難以抹取二次大戰軍國主義歷史的陰影，只會阻礙亞太地區邁向二十一世紀全球化的發展，具體而言，本論文具有大膽理論探討之前瞻性，屬於前沿理論(軍事準則)的概念形式。 針對亞太地區而言，在冷戰期間並沒有產生如同北大西洋公約組織及華沙公約組織一般相互對峙的軍事集團，而蘇聯所扮演的角色也僅是影響亞太安全的數個強權國家之一。冷戰結束之後，國際體系架構在冷戰結束後跨入了一個新的交替時期，東、西兩極體系彼此對抗的大環境已然消失，亞太地區也因為缺乏一個有效的多邊安全機制而失去了足以依靠的平衡槓桿。因此，亞太地區便逐漸形成一種「動態平衡」的結構。美國身為二十一世紀的唯一超強，其對於亞太地區，尤其是東北亞地區的安全政策，便成為大家所關注的焦點。其中民主國家又以美國及日本之間的共同防禦條約最值得吾人注意。 美日安保條約已逐漸成為兩國之間互動的重要架構之一，雖然美日安保條約仍以軍事安全為核心，但也進一步成為雙方經濟、政治、文化和議題發展的結構性支柱。尤其蘇聯瓦解，使得世界在可預期的未來，似乎不可能出現大規模世界核子戰爭，但是區域間的族群衝突，跨國恐怖活動、毒品走私或海盜活動等，這些「低強度衝突」(Low Intensity Conflict,LIC)的發生機率又非常的高，帶給人類和平與安全有莫大威脅，因此從實務層面思考，如何解決前述國際安全問題，才是美、日安保同盟對國際和平最大的貢獻。 針對本論文研究發現，有以下兩點建議： 一、建立國軍「非作戰軍事行動」準則 例如國內發生重大災難與跨國恐怖事件，或與國外軍事合作的行動準則，由本論文的研究發現可參考美軍準則如下：(一)可參考《美軍聯合作戰教令(Joint pub3-0》一建立(或增列)國軍聯合作戰準則中。(二)可參考《非作戰軍事行動聯合教令(Joint pub3-7)》建立國軍非作戰軍事行動教令。(三)可參考美軍陸、海、空軍對非作戰軍事行動的規範，建立國軍各軍種教範，資料如后: 1.美國陸軍野戰教範(FM100-5)。 2.美國海軍作戰準則(NDP1: Naval Warfare)。 3.美國空軍非作戰軍事行動準則(ADD2-3)。 二、積極參與區域海上人道救援行動 戰爭現已不再容易獲得國內與國際輿論之支持，反之，一國參與維持國際和平或區域海上人道救援行動，不僅容易獲得國內輿論之讚許，且可提高並贏得國際聲譽。實際上，維持國際和平與海上人道救援訓練與戰爭並無二致。並可達「寓戰於訓」的目的。而且從俄羅斯在北海的明斯克號潛艦沉沒事件，國軍在發展二代潛艦兵力的同時，對區域海上人道救援行動更應該積極參與，並列入爭取美、日、韓、澳、星等多邊國家軍事交流與訓練的第一優先項目。 關鍵詞：非作戰軍事行動 美日防衛合作新指針 低強度衝突 美日關係 / The main purpose of this thesis is looking forward to analyzing the mutual cooperation in the peace period in the " The New U.S.-Japan Defense Cooperation Guidelines " by the military principle- the real operation level of Military Operations Other than War (MOOTW). We use this theory and practice to verify the contribution of the military cooperation of between America and Japan for international society and the adaptability using in Taiwan Strait. Since the Japan will be a more active role and take part in more mission for the security and peace of Asia and Pacific area in the future. To those peoples who had suffer the oppression by Japan in Asian areas, if they can not keep an objective, rational and impartial position to observe this event,it will be hard to erase the shadow of militarism causing by Japan in the World War II.The result of this prejudice will only obstruct the progress of Asian area forward to the development of Internationalize in the 21^st century.Concretely speaking, this thesis posses a foreside in the theory discussion,and belong to the conceptualize style of the leading edge theory(military principle). Specifically speaking to the Asia and Pacific areas, it do not result the same conflict of each military ally as did between NATO and the Warsaw Treaty Organization.The former Soviet Union took part in one of the powerful countries,which influence the security of the Asian and Pacific areas. After cold war, the international structure enters to a new interchange period.The entire environment confronting between western and eastern polarities had disappeared. Asia-Pacific area lost a dependable balance lever due to lacking an effective multilateral security mechanism. Therefore, Asia- Pacific area gradually becomes a "dynamic balance" structure.The U.S. is the only one super power in the world in 21st century. The Asia-Pacific area security strategy of the U.S.,especially in northeast Asia, is the focus to other countries.For other democratic countries,the U.S.-Japan defense alliance is the axis about which the Asia-Pacific security policy of the US rotates. The U.S.-Japan Defense Cooperation Guidelines has become one of important structures of interactions between both sides.Although the U.S.-Japan Defense Cooperation Guidelines is focus on military security, furthermore, it becomes a construction pillar in economy, politics, culture and relevant developing issues on both sides. Especially,after the former Soviet Union broke down, it is almost impossible to have a nuclear war took place in the future,instated, the regional ethnic conflicts, international terrorism, narcotics dealing and smuggling and piratical activities take place very often, those bring huge threat to our peace and security. Pragmatically thinking about this, how to figure out those international issues can be the biggest contribution in terms of international peace. Based on our research,we propose the following suggestions: 1. To establish the R.O.C."Peacetime Military Operation Guidelines" for providing the Ministry of National Defense a guideline on dealing with the domestic disasters,deterring terrorism, and perusing international cooperative operations.We found that the US doctrines can provide a hands on reference: (1) The US Joint Operation Doctrine (Joint pub 3-0) can be referenced to establish the ROC joint operation doctrines. (2) The US Military Operation Other than War Joint Operation Doctrine (Joint pub 3-7) can also be referenced to establish ROC Other than War joint operation doctrines. (3) The US Military Operation Other than War Joint Operation Doctrines,for examples; US Army Operation Doctrine (FM 100-5),US Navy Operation Doctrine (NDP I: Naval Warfare), and US Air Force Other Than War Operation Doctrine (AFDD 2-3), can be referenced to establish ROC Services' Other Than War Joint Operation Doctrines. 2. To participate Asia-Pacific area rescue operations The international and nation's general public do not support the conduction of war. In contrary, the general publics always give highly respects to the organization join the international rescue operations. In facts,the procedure on conducting the war is similar to join the international rescue operation. Furthermore,the operation furnishes our troops a training event.For example, the Russia joined the rescue operation on Minske event. While the new generation submarine program is underway, we should take action and participate the area rescues, and join the international association work organized by US,Japan, Korea, Australia,and Singapore. Keywords: Military Operations Other than War (MOOTW),the New U.S.-Japan Defense Cooperation Guidelines,Low Intensity Conflict( LIC ),the U.S.-Japan Relations.