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Previous issue date: 2015-03-03 / New animal models for neurodegenerative diseases study are necessary for the knowledge of molecular mechanisms and behavioral patterns involved on the progression of dementias as Alzheimer?s Disease (AD) as well as for new therapies development. We characterized four neurodegenerative approaches including: (1) ?-amyloid(1-42) peptide injection, one of the hallmark proteins of patients with AD. In this model, we observed that intra-ventricular brain injection of ?-amyloid soluble oligomers in 24hpf embryos caused an increase in tau phosphorylation followed by cognitive deficits at 5dpf, both results being reversed by Lithium treatment, a tau kinase (GSK-3?) inhibitor. (2) The inhibition of exon 8 splicing of Presenilin-1, protein responsible for the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) cleavage, was achieved using Morpholino oligonucleotides. This approach caused a dysfunction of Presenilin-1, characteristic of patients with the familiar form of AD, that disturbed cognitive behavior and caused morphological phenotype similar to the ones observed by modifications of Notch pathway. We also developed two transgenic animals, (3) one overexpressing through a heat-shock promoter the ?-amyloid protein. These animals when exposed to a temperature of 37?C activate the heat-shock protein expression and as a consequence amyloid-? protein, one of the hallmark proteins of AD. The second transgenic animal (4) we knocked-out the Appb gene using TALEN as a genetic manipulation technic. This model will provide a better understanding of Appb function during animal development and AD progression. Those four animal models include features suggesting that, when used separately or in combination, can hereafter elucidate those pathways interactions and clarify the cellular and molecular mechanism associated with cognitive deficits during Alzheimer?s disease progression. With these models we were able to characterize zebrafish as a potential animal model, not just for understanding the role of those proteins over neurodegenerative process, but also on their normal functions in the system. Besides that, zebrafish have been used for a few years in pharmacological tests, and the development of animal models for Alzheimer?s disease as ours, make this animal a robust model for development of new treatments for this and other diseases. / Novos modelos para o estudo de doen?as neurodegenerativas s?o necess?rios para a caracteriza??o dos mecanismos moleculares e comportamentais envolvidos na progress?o de dem?ncias como a Doen?a de Alzheimer (DA), al?m de serem importantes para a identifica??o de novos alvos com potencial terap?utico. Aqui caracterizamos quatro abordagens neurodegenerativas incluindo: (1) A inje??o do pept?deo ?-amil?ide(1-42), uma dos principais pept?deos alterados em pacientes com DA. Neste modelo observamos que a inje??o de olig?meros sol?veis de ?-amil?ide no ventr?culo cerebral de embri?es de 24hpf causou um aumento na fosforila??o da prote?na tau em res?duos de est?gios iniciais da DA acompanhados por d?ficit cognitivo aos 5dpf, ambos revertidos pelo tratamento com L?tio, inibidor da enzima GSK-3? que fosforila tau. (2) Realizamos tamb?m a inibi??o do splicing do ?xon 8 da prote?na Presenilina-1, membro do complexo gama-secretase que ? respons?vel pela clivagem da Prote?na Precursora do Amil?ide (APP), atrav?s do bloqueio com oligonucleot?deos Morfolinos. Esta abordagem causou uma altera??o na funcionalidade da Presenilina-1, caracter?stica de pacientes com a forma familiar da DA, comprometendo a cogni??o dos animais e ocasionando altera??es morfol?gicas similares ?s causadas pela modifica??o da via Notch. Tamb?m realizamos a produ??o de dois animais transg?nicos, o primeiro (3), superexpressando a prote?na ?-amil?ide atrav?s de um promotor heat-shock. Estes animais quando expostos a uma temperatura de 37?C ativam a express?o das prote?nas heat-shock e por consequ?ncia a express?o da prote?na ?-amil?ide, que como dito anteriormente ? uma das principais altera??es em pacientes com a DA. O segundo (4), inibindo a express?o da APP atrav?s da t?cnica de manipula??o gen?tica utilizando TALEN. Este ultimo modelo ir? fornecer informa??es importantes sobre a participa??o desta prote?na durante desenvolvimento e a progress?o da DA. Estes quatro modelos abrangem caracter?sticas que sugerem que, quando usados separadamente ou em combina??o, poder?o contribuir tanto na elucida??o de mecanismos celulares e moleculares associados a d?ficits cognitivos quanto nas intera??es destas vias com a DA. A possibilidade de desenvolver modelos complementares com abordagens diversas em um mesmo organismo confirma o potencial do zebrafish n?o s? para o entendimento da participa??o destas prote?nas no processo neurodegenerativo mas tamb?m em suas fun??es normais no sistema nervoso.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/6024 |
| Date | 03 March 2015 |
| Creators | Nery, Laura Roesler |
| Contributors | Vianna, M?nica Ryff Moreira Roca |
| Publisher | Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Biologia Celular e Molecular, PUCRS, Brasil, Faculdade de Bioci?ncias |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:PUC_RS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 8198246930096637360, 600, 600, 600, 36528317262667714, -1634559385931244697 |
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