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Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / Memory conformity (MC) is a social cognition effect that occurs universally in everyday life, when people assume others memories about an event presented together. Wright, London and Waechter (2010) framework explain its causes as normative and informative. Normative causes refer to the costs and benefits of disagreeing with the group. Informative causes concerns, mainly, about the belief of one's own memory versus that of others. In a typical MC study, pairs of participants are shown an event and then they are tested. One of the participants reports first, and then the second participant responds. Experimental studies have found that what the first participant reports influences the second person reports. Following this research issue, the principal aim in this dissertation was to investigate whether emotional features in photographs and how individual differences in temperament could elicit an impact on MC. This study consists of three sections: The first is a theoretical approach about memory conformity, and the other two sections consist of experimental research. The first empirical 11 section presents a study that used photographs from International Affective Picture System (IAPS; Lang, Bradley & Cuthbert, 2008) presented in computers screens to pairs of participants. As a result, we found that negative stimuli impact memory (according to the memory research), but showed no difference between negative, positive or neutral photographs features in the memory conformity phenomenon. The second section used clip arts2 (Nova Development, 2004) and the Afects temperament scale (Lara et al., in press). Results evidenced negative correlations between three temperament factors (anger, inhibition and sensitivity) and memory conformity effect. As conclusion, we consider that in our study emotion valence of photographs did not impact in memory conformity, although does in memory; and that temperament traits influence memory conformity. / Em situa??es sociais, ? comum haver um ajuste impl?cito entre os eventos que o sujeito lembra e aqueles absorvidos de seus pares, assumidos como suas pr?prias mem?rias. Na literatura,esse ajuste ? denominado como conformidade de mem?ria (CM). Segundo o modelo de Wright, London e Waechter (2010), entende-se que a CM ocorre a partir de dois fatores cognitivo-sociais: um normativo (i.e., a delibera??o do custo-benef?cio em discordar da mem?ria alheia), e outro informacional (i.e., a compara??o da pr?pria mem?ria com a alheia,sendo esta ?ltima privilegiada). Na pesquisa de CM, um participante responde ao teste de mem?ria primeiro e o outro na sequ?ncia; assim, ao ser indagado quanto ? mem?ria de um evento, o indiv?duo tende a seguir a mem?ria alheia. Nessa dire??o, a presente tese investigou o impacto da emo??o e de diferen?as individuais de temperamento no efeito de CM. A tese ? apresentada em tr?s se??es. A primeira ? uma se??o te?rica e as demais s?o emp?rico experimentais.Os materiais utilizados na primeira se??o emp?rica foram computadores e fotos selecionadas do International Affective Picture System (IAPS; Lang, Bradley & Cuthbert, 2008).As fotos foram utilizadas em teste de reconhecimento, tendo sido selecionadas em duas de suas dimens?es emocionais: o alerta (controlado) e a val?ncia (manipulada). Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram conformidade de mem?ria, mas n?o evidenciaram diferen?as significativas quanto ao impacto da val?ncia no efeito de CM. A segunda se??o emp?rica investigou o impacto de dimens?es individuais de temperamento na CM, apresentando cliparts1 (Nova Devellopment, 2004) tamb?m em computadores e utilizando a escala AFECTS (Lara et al., no prelo) como instrumento psicom?trico. A an?lise dos dados evidenciou que CM est? negativamente correlacionada com tr?s dimens?es de temperamento: raiva, inibi??o e sensibilidade. Em conclus?o, consideramos, em nosso estudo, a emo??o dos eventos n?o evidenciou interfer?ncia na conformidade de mem?ria, apesar de faz?-lo na mem?ria individual; e que dimens?es individuais de temperamento diminuem a magnitude do efeito de conformidade de mem?ria.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:tede2.pucrs.br:tede/788 |
| Date | 29 February 2012 |
| Creators | Busnello, Rosa Helena Delgado |
| Contributors | Stein, Lilian Milnitsky |
| Publisher | Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Psicologia, PUCRS, BR, Faculdade de Psicologia |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_RS, instname:Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, instacron:PUC_RS |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| Relation | 2588426296948062698, 500, 600, 2599381623216554467 |
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