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Previous issue date: 2015-10-14 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Parasites belonging to the Echinostoma genus are characterized by having a complex
biological cycle, with two intermediate hosts and a final habitat restricted to the intestinal
lumen of the definitive hosts. These hosts include aquatic birds, mammals (including humans)
and occasionally some reptile and fish species. Their first intermediate hosts are freshwater
snails, into which the miracidia actively penetrate for development of the next three stages
(sporocysts, rediae and cercariae). Freshwater crustaceans, amphibians, fish and snails act as
the second intermediate hosts, enabling the formation of metacercariae, the infective larval
stage to the definitive host. In this work, Biomphalaria glabrata specimens were
experimentally infected with different doses (5 or 50) of E. paraensei miracidia. The snails
were dissected one, two, three and four weeks after infection to collect the hemolymph, shells
and tissues (gonad-digestive gland complex- GDG). In the hemolymph were quantified
glucose concentrations and carboxylic acids (succinic, pyruvic, lactic and oxalic acids), as
well as the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The storage of tissues was measured
glycogen content and oxygen consumption (O2). Changes were observed in glycemia of the
snails, in both situations parasitism, with significant increase in glucose levels observed from
the third week post infection when compared to the control group. Changes have also been
described in relation to the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and are characterized by the
increase of its activity in the later periods of infection. In parallel, there was a decrease in
glycogen content in storage tissues, being such greater reduction in the digestive gland (larval
development site) in comparison to the cephalopedal mass. In addition, the infection by both
miracidiais doses resulted in increased levels of oxalic acid and lactic acid, as well as a
decline in the content of pyruvic and succinic acids in B. glabrata. The prepatent infection by
this equinostomatideo still significantly suppressed the phosphorylation state (state 3
respiration) and basal oxygen consumption (state 1 and 2) in B. glabrata, demonstrating that
infection by E. paraensei decreases the capacity of the intermediate host in performing
aerobic oxidative reactions. These results demonstrate the reduction in oxidative
decarboxylation rate of the reactions that are part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and
acceleration of the process of anaerobic degradation of carbohydrates in the infected snails by
lactic acid fermentation, it is essential to ensure the obtaining of energy and the success of the
infection. Thus, the results observed in this study demonstrate that infection with five or 50
miracidia of E. paraensei caused significant metabolic changes in B. glabrata snails being
exposed to the largest load miracidial showed the greatest damage, featuring a dose-dependent
response / Parasitos pertencentes ao g?nero Echinostoma caracterizam por apresentar um ciclo
biol?gico complexo, com dois hospedeiros intermedi?rios e s?tio final de infec??o restrito ao
l?men intestinal de seus hospedeiros definitivos. Estes hospedeiros s?o representados
principalmente por aves aqu?ticas e semi-aqu?ticas, mam?feros, incluindo o homem, e
ocasionalmente algumas esp?cies de r?pteis e peixes. Possuem como primeiros hospedeiros
intermedi?rios moluscos l?mnicos, onde os mirac?dios penetram ativamente e desenvolvem at?
os est?gios de esporocistos, r?dias e cerc?rias. Por sua vez, crust?ceos, anf?bios, peixes e
moluscos l?mnicos atuam como segundos hospedeiros intermedi?rios onde ocorre a forma??o
de metacerc?rias, est?gios infectantes ao hospedeiro definitivo. Neste estudo, Biomphalaria
glabrata foi experimentalmente infectada com diferentes doses miracidiais (5 ou 50) de E.
paraensei. Os moluscos foram dissecados ap?s uma, duas, tr?s e quatro semanas de infec??o
para a coleta da hemolinfa e tecidos (complexo g?nada-gl?ndula digestiva- GGD e massa
cefalopediosa). Na hemolinfa foram quantificadas as concentra??es de glicose e de ?cidos
carbox?licos (succ?nico, pir?vico, l?tico e ox?lico), bem como a atividade da lactato
desidrogenase (LDH). Nos tecidos de estocagem foram mensurados os conte?dos de
glicog?nio e consumo de oxig?nio (O2). Altera??es foram observadas na glicemia dos
moluscos, em ambas as situa??es de parasitismo, com significativo aumento dos n?veis de
glicose verificado a partir da terceira semana de infec??o quando comparado ao grupo
controle. Mudan?as foram tamb?m descritas em rela??o ? atividade da lactato desidrogenase,
sendo caracterizadas pelo aumento de sua atividade nos per?odos mais tardios da infec??o. Em
paralelo, verificou-se um decr?scimo nos conte?dos de glicog?nio em tecidos de
armazenamento, sendo tal redu??o maior na gl?ndula digestiva (s?tio de desenvolvimento
larval), em compara??o ? massa cefalopediosa. A infec??o por ambas as doses miracidiais
ainda resultou em um aumento dos n?veis de ?cidos ox?lico e l?tico, bem como em um
decl?nio nos conte?dos de ?cidos pir?vico e succ?nico em B. glabrata. Significativa supress?o
no estado fosforilativo (estado 3 respirat?rio) e no consumo basal de oxig?nio (estado 1 e 2)
em B. glabrata infectada por E. paraensei foi demonstrada, indicando que a infec??o por este
equinostomat?deo diminui a capacidade do hospedeiro intermedi?rio em realizar rea??es
oxidativas aer?bias. Varia??es relevantes relacionadas ao estado mitocondrial desacoplado
(estado 3u) de B. glabrata infectada por tal tremat?deo foram tamb?m descritas. Tais
resultados demonstram redu??o na taxa de descarboxila??o oxidativa das rea??es que
integram o ciclo do ?cido tricarbox?lico e acelera??o do processo de degrada??o anaer?bia de
carboidratos nos moluscos infectados, atrav?s da fermenta??o l?tica, essencial para garantir a
obten??o de energia e o sucesso da infec??o. Assim, os resultados observados neste estudo
demonstram que a infec??o com cinco ou 50 mirac?dios de E. paraensei provocou
consider?veis altera??es metab?licas em B. glabrata, sendo que os moluscos expostos a maior
carga miracidial apresentaram os maiores danos, caracterizando uma resposta dosedependente.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:jspui/1711 |
| Date | 14 October 2015 |
| Creators | Alves, Victor Menezes Tunholi |
| Contributors | Rodrigues, Maria de Lurdes de Azevedo, Silva, Jairo Pinheiro da, Torres, Eduardo Jos? Lopes, Mello-Silva, Cl?lia Christina Corr?a de, Garcia, Juberlan Silva, Angelo, Isabele da Costa |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Veterin?rias, UFRRJ, Brasil, Instituto de Veterin?ria |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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Influence of larval schistosomes on polysaccharide synthesis in albumin glands of Biomphalaria glabrata. Parasitology, v.101, p.351? 359, 1990. de SOUZA, R.M.; GOMES, E.M.; CHAGAS, G.M.; PINHEIRO, J. The Influence of starvation and Eurytrema coelomaticum infection on the nitrogenads produts of degradation in the hemolymph of Bradybaena similaris. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Tecnology, v.43, p.365?371, 2000. EL-ANSARY, A.; SAMMOUR, E.M.; MOHAMED, A.M. Susceptibility of Biomphalaria alexandrina to infection with Schistosoma mansoni: correlation with the activity levels of certain glycolytic enzymes. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, v.30, p.547? 560, 2000. lxiii FERNANDES, M.C. M?todos Escolhidos de T?cnicas Microsc?picas, second ed. 492 Imprensa Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 1949. FRIED, B.; HUFFMAN, J.E. The biology of the intestinal trematode Echinostoma caproni. Advances in Parasitology, v.38, p.311?368, 1996. HOCHACHKA, P.V. In: Wilbur, K.M. (Ed.). 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Light and scanning electron microscopy of the miracidium of Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae). Veterinary Parasitology, v.121, p.265?275, 2004b. lxv PINHEIRO, J.; MALDONADO JR., A.; LANFREDI, R.M. Physiological changes in Lymnaea columella (Say, 1817) (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in response to Echinostoma paraensei Lie and Basch, 1967 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) infection. Parasitology Research, v.106, p.55?59, 2009. SLUITERS, J.F.; BRUSSAARD-WUST, C.C.M.; MEULEMAN, E.A. The relationship between miracidial dose, production of cercariae, and reproductive activity of the host in the combination Trichobilharzia ocellata and Lymnaea stagnalis. Zeitschrift f?r Parasitenkunde, v.63, p.13?26, 1980. SUMNER, J.B. The estimation of sugar in diabetic urine using dinitrosalicylic acid. Journal of Biology Chemistry, v.62, p.287?290, 1924. THOMPSON, S.N.; LEE, R.K.W. Comparison of starvation and infection by Schistosoma mansoni on tissue viability and the 31P NMR spectrum of Biomphalaria glabrata. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, v.72, p.417?421, 1986. TIELENS, A.G.M. Energy generation in parasitic helminths. Parasitology Today, v.10, p.346?352, 1994. TUNHOLI-ALVES, V.M.; TUNHOLI, V.M.; G?LO, P.; LUSTRINO, D.; MALDONADO JR., A.; BITTENCOURT, V.R.E.P.; RODRIGUES, M.L.A.; PINHEIRO, J. Lipid levels in Biomphalaria glabrata infected with different doses of Echinostoma paraensei miracidia. Experimental Parasitology, v.128, p.212?216, 2011. TUNHOLI, V.M.; LUSTRINO, D.; TUNHOLI-ALVES, V.M.; GARCIA, J.S.; MELLOSILVA, C.C.C.; MALDONADO JR., A.; RODRIGUES, M.L.A.; PINHEIRO, J. Influence of Echinostoma paraensei (Lie and Basch, 1967) infection on the calcium content in Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818). Experimental Parasitology, v.129, p.266?269, 2011a. TUNHOLI, V.M.; LUSTRINO, D.; TUNHOLI-ALVES, V.M.; MELLO-SILVA, C.C.C.; MALDONADO JR., A.; PINHEIRO, J.; RODRIGUES, M.L.A. Biochemical profile of lxvi Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca: Gastropoda) after infection by Echinostoma paraensei (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Parasitology Research, v.109, p.855?891, 2011b. TUNHOLI, V.M.; LUSTRINO, D.; TUNHOLI-ALVES, V.M.; MELLO-SILVA, C.C.C.; MALDONADO JR., A.; RODRIGUES, M.L.A.; PINHEIRO, J. Changes in the reproductive biology of Biomphalara glabrata infected with different doses of Echinostoma paraensei miracidia. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, v.106, p.192?195, 2011c. VASQUEZ, R.E.; SULLIVAN, J.T. Effect of miracidial dose on adoptively transferred resistance to Schistosoma mansoni in the snail intermediate host, Biomphalaria glabrata. The Journal of Parasitology, v.87, p.460?462. 2001. WHITE, M.M.; CHEJLAVA, M.; FRIED, B.; SHERMA, J. Effects of various larval digeneans on the calcium carbonate content of the shells of Helisoma trivolvis, Biomphalaria glabrata, and Physa sp. Parasitology Research, v.95, p.252?255, 2005. 5.5 REFER?NCIAS BIBLIOGR?FICAS ALVES, H.; TUNHOLI-ALVES, V.M.; TUNHOLI, V.M.; G?LO, P.; BITTENCOURT, V.R.E.P.; PINHEIRO, J. Changes in the lipid profile of Bradybaena similaris (F?russac, 1821) (Gastropoda, Xanthonychidae) during the development of Eurytrema coelomaticum (Giard and Billet, 1892) (Digenea, Dicrocoeliidae). Experimental Parasitology, v.144, p.52- 56, 2014. BANDSTRA, S. R.; FRIED, B.; SHERMA, J. High-performance thin-layer chromatographic analysis of neutral lipids and phospholipids in Biomphalaria glabrata patently infected with Echinostoma caproni. Parasitology Research, v.99, p.414-418, 2006. BORGES, C.M.C.; SOUZA, C.P.; ANDRADE, Z.A. Histopathologic features associated with susceptibility and resistance of Biomphalaria snails to infection with Schistosoma mansoni. 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Physiological alterations in Bradybaena similaris (Stylommatophora:Bradybaenidae) induced by the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis indica (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) strain LPP1. Experimental Parasitology, v.139, p.12-18, 2014. TUNHOLI, V.M.; TUNHOLI-ALVES, V.M.; LUSTRINO, D.; CASTRO, R.; SANT'ANA, L.; GARCIA, J.; MALDONADO Jr., A.; DOS SANTOS, M.A.J.; RODRIGUES, M.L.A.; PINHEIRO, J. Aerobic to anaerobic transition in Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) infected with different miracidial doses of Echinostoma paraensei (Lie and Basch, 1967) by highperformance liquid chromatography. Experimental Parasitology, v.133, p.403?410, 2013. TUNHOLI-ALVES, V.M.; TUNHOLI, V.M.; G?LO, P.; LIMA, M.; GARCIA, J.; MALDONADO JR., A.; PONTES, E.G.; BITTENCOURT, V.R.E.P.; PINHEIRO, J. Effects of infection by larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda, Metastrongylidae) on the lipid metabolism of the experimental intermediate host Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Parasitology Research, v. , p. , 2013. TUNHOLI-ALVES, V.M.; TUNHOLI, V.M.; G?LO, P.; LUSTRINO, D.; MALDONADO JR., A.; BITTENCOURT, V.R.E.P.; RODRIGUES, M.L.A.; PINHEIRO, J. Lipid levels in lxxxii Biomphalaria glabrata infected with different doses of Echinostoma paraensei miracidia. Experimental Parasitology, v.128, p.212?216, 2011a. TUNHOLI-ALVES, V.M.; TUNHOLI, V.M.; LUSTRINO, D.; AMARAL, L.S.; THIENGO, S.C.; PINHEIRO, J. Changes in the reproductive biology of Biomphalaria glabrata experimentally infected with the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, v.108, p.203-208, 2011b. TUNHOLI-ALVES, V.M.; TUNHOLI, V.M.A.; CASTRO, R.N.; SANT'ANA, L.; GARCIA, J.; THIENGO, S.C.; PINHEIRO, J.; MALDONADO Jr., A. Activation of anaerobic metabolism in Biomphalaria glabrata (Mollusca: Gastropoda) experimentally infected by Angyostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda, Metastrongylidae) by high-performance liquid chromatography. Parasitology International, v. 63, p. 64-68, 2014. TUNHOLI-ALVES, V.M.; TUNHOLI, V.M.A.; THIENGO, S.C.; PINHEIRO, J. Effects of infection by larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (Nematoda, Metastrongylidae) on the metabolism of the experimental intermediate host Biomphalaria glabrata. Experimental Parasitology, v.131, p.143-147, 2012. VASQUEZ, R. E.; SULLIVAN, J. T. Effect of miracidial dose on adoptively transferred resistance to Schistosoma mansoni in the snail intermediate host, Biomphalaria glabrata. The Journal of Parasitology, v.87, p.460?462, 2001. |
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