Thesis (MA (Public and Development Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / Chronic food insecurity continues to be a major problem for rural poor households in
Lesotho. This condition is caused by a number of factors including poverty, landlessness, and
extreme land degradation, reduced remittances due to retrenchments from South African
mines, closures of some of textile industries, the effects of HIV/AIDS and a significant
decline in farming practices due to erratic weather patterns and conditions. All these factors
have led to an increase in vulnerability levels. This is magnified by the rapid erosion of
traditional coping mechanisms, a situation that has consequently left communities unable to
respond to any form of disaster. The primary aim of this research was to investigate the
community vulnerability to food insecurity in the Southern Lowlands and review the World
Food Programme (WFP) food aid programme in the same area. The research addressed the
questions such as the causes of food insecurity in the Southern Lowlands; and social
protection initiatives that are being implemented by WFP to address food insecurity. The
research revealed that WFP has been distributing food aid to the vulnerable households in the
Southern Lowlands since 2002. These households belong to categories such as households
hosting orphans and vulnerable children, chronically ill persons and physically disabled
persons; female-headed households; elderly-headed households; child-headed households;
and expectant and nursing mothers. In addition to these categories, WFP implemented food
for work activities in which vulnerable households with able-bodied persons worked in to
receive food aid.
The research found evidence of chronic livelihood failure in the Southern Lowlands. This
failure renders it increasingly difficult for households vulnerable to food insecurity to develop
and maintain sustainable livelihoods. In particular, the research revealed that, a large
proportion of households (53%) are at risk of food insecurity in the Southern Lowlands; the
majority of vulnerable households did not hold any cereal stocks remaining from the
immediate post harvest period; chronic illness, unemployment and erratic weather patterns are
causes of food insecurity in the Southern Lowlands. As means of coping strategies, most
households adopt various strategies such as switching expenditure patterns; reducing number
of meals per day; kingship support; selling of livestock; and searching for casual labour
opportunities. Food aid has improved the livelihoods and quality of life of the beneficiaries
especially the chronically ill people. While some food for work activities such as building of
toilets and water taps have been very helpful, others such as tree planting were not embraced
by some of the beneficiaries and finally food aid promotes dependency among its beneficiaries and nursing mothers intentionally starve their children in order to stay in the
programme. The two significant challenges in the distribution of food aid were found to be
food pipeline break and the beneficiary selection criteria.
The findings therefore generate the conclusion that although there seems to be an
improvement in food access by households benefiting from the food aid programme, there is
no evidence that those households will continue to access food in the absence of food aid. In
essence, the absence of social food security foundation, executed in tandem with food aid
interventionist measures, does not realistically augur well for the future. This conclusion
comes from the finding that food for work activities which are more likely to generate
income for the vulnerable households are not sustainable because the discussions further
revealed that these activities have been imposed on the beneficiaries, without the coownership
corollary that partners the communities with food aid agencies such as WFP. It is
therefore recommended that development agents should not determine the developmental
projects/programmes within the communities. The process should be interactive and should
not be done in isolation but in mutual social learning and capacity building process as both
parties (development agents and the beneficiaries) learn from each other and manage to
develop a reciprocal relationship and partnership that will eventually reap sustainable
outcome. It is therefore concluded that, the food aid programmes failed to offer sustainable
social safety nets to the beneficiaries. The research hypothesis that there is no clear exit
strategy in the implementation of the food security interventions and that there are no
sustainability and continuity measures that were put into place by WFP remains valid.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/2342 |
| Date | 03 1900 |
| Creators | Molapo, Seipati Petronella |
| Contributors | Muller, Kobus, University of Stellenbosch. Faculty of Economic and Management Sciences. School of Public Management and Planning. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Rights | University of Stellenbosch |
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