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Previous issue date: 2009-03-31 / The canine visceral leshmaniasis is an important public health disease in Brazil and around the word. Dogs are considered important reservoir and source of Leshmania infantum infection to human due to their high prevalences of infection, the presence of amastigote forms in the skin and because they are found in the domestic and peri-domestic environment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinic, parasitological and serological aspects of the canine leishmaniasis in dogs naturally infected in two endemic distinct area. Hematological, biochemical and serological assays were performed, as well as the histopatologic exams of the entire ear skin of 41 dogs coming from Concei??o de Jacare?/RJ and 42 dogs of the Campo Grande/MS. When histopathology was used as an auxiliary tool for diagnostic of CVL, the efficacy of detection of the infected animal double compared to the serological test only. The main clinical manifestations as skin lesions, generalized lymphadenomegaly and hepatosplenomegaly were found in dogs from the two studied areas. However, the intensity and frequency of the clinical signs varied between the two localities: while in Concei??o de Jacare?/RJ the majority of animals were asymptomatic, the clinical profile of dogs from Campo Grande/MS was predominantly polysymptomatic. The inflammatory infiltrate constituted a common histological finding in the skin of infected dogs, always associated to the presence of parasites. Nevertheless, the infiltrate in dogs from Campo Grande/MS was predominantly moderate and intense with mononuclear cells and neutrophils in the majority of the dogs. The severity changes in the dermis connected tissue associated to the lost of normal architecture and consequent substitution of the thick collagen fibers by the thin fibers were frequently found in dogs with intense inflammatory infiltrate, necrosis areas and presence of abundant amastigote forms. The amastigote forms were found independently of the symptoms and the geographic area. In animals with clinical signs that harbor few or none amastigotes, the inflammatory infiltrate was mainly constituted by lymphocytes and macrophages. When many parasites were present, the infiltrate was additionally constituted by polymorphonuclears (neutrophils). The association between the presence of polymorphonuclears in intact dog skin with clinical characteristic of CVL would increase diagnostic efficacy. A significant finding was that 75% of asymptomatic dogs with skin parasites were found in both localities. In this sense, the skin may be considered an important reservoir of amastigote forms in asymptomatic dogs. In endemic areas dogs with clinical symptoms are promptly selected to serological test and consequently discarded. In this manner, dogs with no clinical symptoms (but with skin parasites) constitute an important source of infection to the vectors. The same idea may be correlated to sero-negatives animals, a half of the animals with amastigote forms would act as important reservoir hosts to human. / A leishmaniose visceral canina ? uma importante doen?a de sa?de p?blica no Brasil e no mundo. O c?o ? considerado importante reservat?rio e fonte de infec??o da Leshmania infantum para o homem por apresentar altas preval?ncias da infec??o, presen?a de formas amastigotas na pele e por se fazer sempre presente nos ambientes dom?sticos e peridom?sticos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os aspectos cl?nicos, parasitol?gicos e sorol?gicos da leishmaniose visceral canina em c?es naturalmente infectados em duas ?reas distintas de transmiss?o intensa. Foram realizados exames hematol?gicos, bioqu?micos e sorol?gicos, assim como an?lise histopatol?gica da pele ?ntegra de orelha dos 41 c?es provenientes de Concei??o de Jacare?/RJ e 42 c?es de Campo Grande/MS. Quando utilizou-se a histopatologia como uma ferramenta auxiliar no diagn?stico da LVC, a efic?cia da detec??o dos animais infectados dobrou em rela??o ? utiliza??o somente do teste sorol?gico. As principais manifesta??es cl?nicas como as les?es de pele, hipertrofia generalizada dos linfonodos e hepatoesplenomegalia foram encontradas nos c?es das duas ?reas estudadas. Entretanto, a intensidade e freq??ncia de sinais cl?nicos observados variaram entre as duas localidades: enquanto que em Concei??o de Jacare?/RJ a maioria dos animais mostrou-se assintom?tico, o perfil cl?nico dos c?es estudados em Campo Grande/MS foi predominantemente polissintom?tico. O infiltrado inflamat?rio constituiu um achado histol?gico comum na pele dos c?es infectados, estando sempre associado ? presen?a dos parasitas. Por?m, o infiltrado nos c?es de Campo Grande/MS foi predominantemente moderado e intenso, com a presen?a de c?lulas mononucleares e neutr?filos na maioria dos c?es. As severas altera??es no tecido conjuntivo da derme dos animais, associadas ? perda da arquitetura normal e conseq?ente substitui??o das fibras grossas de col?geno pelas fibras finas, foram freq?entemente evidenciadas nos c?es que apresentaram um intenso infiltrado inflamat?rio, ?reas de necrose e presen?a abundante de formas amastigotas. As formas amastigotas foram encontradas independentemente da sintomatologia observada e da ?rea geogr?fica de ocorr?ncia. Observamos que nos animais com sintomatologia cl?nica que continham poucas ou nenhuma forma amastigota, o infiltrado inflamat?rio era constitu?do principalmente de linf?citos e macr?fagos. Quando muitos parasitas estavam presentes, o infiltrado era adicionalmente constitu?do por polimorfornucleares (neutr?filos). A associa??o da presen?a de polimorfornucleares na pele ?ntegra de c?es com caracter?sticas cl?nicas sugestivas de LVC poderia aumentar a efic?cia do diagn?stico. Importante o fato de termos encontrado, tanto em Concei??o de Jacare?/RJ como em Campo Grande/MS, 75% de c?es assintom?ticos com parasitas na pele. Deste modo a pele pode ser considerada um importante reservat?rio de formas amastigotas em c?es assintom?ticos. Em ?reas end?micas, os c?es com sintomatologia cl?nica s?o aqueles logo direcionados ao exame sorol?gicos e conseq?entemente descartados. Assim, os c?es sem sintomatologia cl?nica (e com parasitas na pele) constituem importantes fontes de infec??o para os vetores. O mesmo racioc?nio diz respeito aos animais soro-negativos, metade deles, por apresentarem as formas amastigotas, estariam atuando como importantes hospedeiros reservat?rios da infec??o para o homem.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:tede/918 |
| Date | 31 March 2009 |
| Creators | Barcelos, Daniella Silva |
| Contributors | Andrade, Gisele Braziliano de |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Curso de P?s-Gradua??o em Medicina Veterin?ria, UFRRJ, Brasil, Cl?nica e Cirurgia Veterin?ria |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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