產業結構轉變，使得勞動保護法原所預想的勞工圖像造成變化，
及該保護設計漸不相吻合。知識經濟對於產業勞動關係之影響，產
生如行、職業分類標準，勞動基準法一體適用性，勞動關係從屬性
等衝擊；工作時間彈性化，工作壓力與工作滿足，工會發展之衝擊，
移動自由引起之問題等議題。今日，於知識工作者之定義仍眾說分
歧下，筆者從現行職場已出現非典型之勞動者這一塊，探究該知識工作者其勞動法制面如何因應，然為使焦點集中，故以個別勞動關係、集體個別勞動關係、工作環境權等勞動法制為核心進行探討。
就知識經濟下及多元社會發展下，立法者未來對於該勞動法制
之釐訂，或更須多加審視立法對象之個別情形。知識經濟下，非典
型勞動者中，知識工作者之工作型態已不同以往，由於其工作投入
源自於智力，完成工作之時間，已非傳統之計算方式可加以適用。
因此，管理者對於該知識工作者，已有對其工作時間採彈性規定，
對其工作成果採責任制導向等。故於時間規範，宜由勞資雙方自行協商。於勞工職業安全方面，知識工作者可能因工作產生精神壓力並造成心理方面之疾病，對此，國際組織及我國主管機關未來對於此種新興疾病，除瞭解其形成原因外，更須加以有效防範與採取解決之道，以謀勞動者之心理健康。
關於知識工作者其團體勞動意識之凝聚力如何加強的問題，或
應先探究勞動者成立工會之主要本質，即其須有明確之團體利益導向。因此，該組織之各知識工作者，因某事件而形成明確團體利益之意識下，則工會組織才會對其發揮作用，接續談及的團體協商、
爭議權之行使才有意義。而對於無工會之企業，應強調該企業健全
人力資源發展之重要，因為在人力資源發展良好的企業裡，其相對
會為員工設立健全內部申訴管道，如此或應可相當地解決員工之困
擾，消弭問題之滋衍。對於知識工作者因移動自由，不管是人權、團體勞動權利，皆有可類推適用之保障規範，然當該知識工作者因涉及涉外要素之民事事件時，則產生國際裁判管轄權之問題。而按法律行為發生涉外關係時，有關當事人自主原則，此時應判定其為「國際私法之當事人意思自主原則」，抑或「實體法上之當事人意思自主原則」，因為適時區別對該知識工作者權益會有所助益。
關鍵字：知識經濟、勞動關係、知識工作者、非典型勞動者 / Abstract
Because of industrial structure transformation, it causes to change that the laborer image which the labour protection law originally expected to, and then the protection design gradually does not tally. Knowledge economy has its influence regarding industrial labour relations on the impacts of the occupation classification standard, labour standards law applying to all, the subservience of labour relations, and so on; the issues of the working time flexibly, working pressure and work satisfies, the impact of the trade union development, the causing problems of moving freely, etc. Nowadays, there are still different definitions to the knowledge workers, the author inquires into the labour laws how to built in about the knowledge workers that belong to the non－typical labours from the present duty field, however, for the point to be centralized, I focus on the individual labor relations, collective individual labor relations, and working environment rights, etc.
Under the knowledge economy and a great diversity of social development, the legislators designing the labour laws in the future have to carefully examine the legislation object about the individual situation. On the knowledge economy，for the knowledge workers of non- typical workers, their working patterns have been differently than ever, as a result of their work investment source from to intelligence, the time about completing the work, it is not suitable for computing by traditional mode. Regarding this kind of knowledge workers, superintendents take flexible working time, pick the responsibility system guidance to their work achievement, etc. So to the code of conduct about time standard, it suitably voluntarily consults by labor both sides. To labour professional safety aspect, the knowledge workers possibly have the spiritual pressure and creating the psychological disease, the International organization and the government in Taiwan for this kind of emerging disease in the future, should understand its the reason of forming, also have to perform effectively and adopt ways of the solution, and seek for psychologically healthy of the workers.
The question about the cohesive force of association consciousness for the knowledge workers how to strengthen , perhaps we should first inquire into the main essence about the labours why they set up the trade union, namely they must have the association benefit guidance. Therefore, the organization of various knowledge workers forms the association benefit consciousness under some event, then the labor union can display its function, continues the association which refers to consult, the dispute power enable significance. But regarding the enterprise that has no trade union founded, it should emphasize the sound human resources development, because of doing so, it relatively can set up the perfect internal appeal pipeline for the staff, and perhaps be possible to solve staff puzzle , extinguishes the question to incite spreads out. Regarding the moving freedom of knowledge workers, no matter what the human rights, the association right to labour, All the knowledge workers could be suitable the safeguard standards, however, when they involve in the foreign affairs about the essential factor of the civil event, thus causing the question of the international umpire jurisdiction. But according to the legal act which touches on foreign affairs, concerned independent principle of litigant, this should determine it is “The meaning independent principle of Litigant at the international private law”, or “In substantive law, the meaning independent principle of litigant”, for it is helpful to distinguish them at the right moment for these knowledge workers’rights.
Keywords：Knowledge economy, Labour Relations, Knowledge worker, Non- typical worker
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0902620231 |
| Creators | 蘇志明, SU, CHIH-MING |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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