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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

論離職後競業禁止條款-所有權之於知識工作者的思辯

陳政杰 Unknown Date (has links)
本文的發展脈絡過程中,圍繞著所有權的範疇以及因著所有權所發生的諸多禁錮的問題;其中,筆者所關注的主題—競業禁止條款—在最近的勞動學界,引起廣大的討論,而在台灣勞資糾紛的角力賽中,也日漸將競業禁止相關的問題揭示世人。本文著重以勞工的角度來論述主題,無意探討法院各個判決所採用的見解,或法律或管理界的說法,只就離職後競業禁止這個問題的概念輪廓做理論性的批判,以免有無法將主題聚焦之憾。 法院主導了台灣競業禁止議題的發展,各級法院先後以各種標準來裁判爭議,而這些標準通常援引自外國的立法例,尤其以德、日兩國為主;行政機關也採用法院的看法,訂立出契約的範本,以資勞資雙方各自遵守。回頭看台灣的僱傭關係,資方的強大經濟實力,足以位居契約訂定的主導地位,勞方根本無置喙的餘地,所謂契約自由,只不過是默認資本主義的生產結構下的假象平等,弱勢的勞工只能任憑資本家的宰割。 知識工作者在時空的接移下,成為現今工業生產的大多數工人階級,但是許多虛無的意識,讓這群工人階級模糊了自身的地位;競業禁止的議題一出現,讓原本的這群知識工作者受盡更多的桎錮,並且遭遇更大不利益的對待。除了在交換過程的剝削外,離職後這群知識工作者依然無法脫離控制,資本家利用更有力的法律工具來支配勞動力的流動,資本家或許提供補償予工人,但是對於自由的限制,卻以議價的方法給付。 因為競業禁止無法可管,所以更應該思考競業禁止問題的未來走向,而這個議題或許是重新審視台灣被扭曲的勞資關係之新契機。
2

知識工作者與組織績效關聯性之研究 / The Relationship between Knowledge Workers and Firm Performance

翁淑雅, Shu-Ya Weng Unknown Date (has links)
本研究透過行政院主計處民國八十年製造業抽樣調查資料庫,探討台灣地區大型企業與中小企業在不同產業(非金屬製品業、金屬製品業及電力電子業)下知識工作者與組織績效之關聯性,並針對知識工作者之性別與組織績效的關聯性進行探索性的研究。 本研究在知識工作者與組織績效的關聯性部分,根據文獻資料提出了二個假設,其分別為: 假設1:知識工作者占全體員工的比例與組織績效呈正相關。 假設2:在製造業,專門技術人員占全體員工的比例與組織績效呈正相關。 而資料驗證的結果得知: 1. 知識工作者與組織績效的關係,在金屬製品業的中小企業及非金屬製品業的大型企業皆呈顯著的負相關,而根據進一步的瞭解,此與組織的年齡及規模有關。 2. 在組織擁有較多知識的專門技術人員,其與組織績效的關係只有在電力電子業的大型企業中呈現顯著之正相關,此應與該產業的技術需求性及對研發的投入程度有關。 而在知識工作者的性別與組織績效的探索性研究上,其研究結果有部份呈現顯著,有部份則否,至於為何會有這樣之結果,在本研究中並未進行更深入的探討,相信後續學者在從事相關之研究時,應能有更深入的解說。 / The Two primary purposes of this study is: firstly discussing the relationship between the knowledge workers and the firm performance under different firm size and industries through the database that was constructed using sampling survey by the auditing department of Executive Yuan in 1991; secondly, conducting exploratory research to study correlation between the gender of knowledge workers and the firm performance. This study proposed two hypotheses regarding the correlation between knowledge workers and firm performance based on the existing literature: Ø Hypothesis one: Positive correlation exists between the proportion of knowledge workers and the firm performance. Ø Hypothesis two: Positive correlation exists between the proportion of technical experts and the firm performance in the manufacturing industry. The results of this research revealed that: 1. There is a negative correlation exists between the knowledge workers and the firm performance in small- and medium-scaled companies of the metal products industry. Further analysis showed that the above finding could be related to the age and the scale of the company. 2. An organization that has technical experts with more knowledge could achieve better performance. However, this positive correlation is mostly statistically significant only in the companies with larger scale in the electronic industry. The requirement of advance technology and the degree of investment in R&D could partly explain this finding. The exploratory study on the correlation between the gender of knowledge workers and the firm performance present partly significant results and some results were not. Further discussion is not included in the study to offer explanation for the above observation. Hopefully, other researchers could conduct more detailed study regarding this aspect in the future.
3

知識經濟對我國勞動法制之衝擊 / The Impact of the Knowledge Economy on the Labour Law in Taiwan

蘇志明, SU, CHIH-MING Unknown Date (has links)
產業結構轉變,使得勞動保護法原所預想的勞工圖像造成變化, 及該保護設計漸不相吻合。知識經濟對於產業勞動關係之影響,產 生如行、職業分類標準,勞動基準法一體適用性,勞動關係從屬性 等衝擊;工作時間彈性化,工作壓力與工作滿足,工會發展之衝擊, 移動自由引起之問題等議題。今日,於知識工作者之定義仍眾說分 歧下,筆者從現行職場已出現非典型之勞動者這一塊,探究該知識工作者其勞動法制面如何因應,然為使焦點集中,故以個別勞動關係、集體個別勞動關係、工作環境權等勞動法制為核心進行探討。 就知識經濟下及多元社會發展下,立法者未來對於該勞動法制 之釐訂,或更須多加審視立法對象之個別情形。知識經濟下,非典 型勞動者中,知識工作者之工作型態已不同以往,由於其工作投入 源自於智力,完成工作之時間,已非傳統之計算方式可加以適用。 因此,管理者對於該知識工作者,已有對其工作時間採彈性規定, 對其工作成果採責任制導向等。故於時間規範,宜由勞資雙方自行協商。於勞工職業安全方面,知識工作者可能因工作產生精神壓力並造成心理方面之疾病,對此,國際組織及我國主管機關未來對於此種新興疾病,除瞭解其形成原因外,更須加以有效防範與採取解決之道,以謀勞動者之心理健康。 關於知識工作者其團體勞動意識之凝聚力如何加強的問題,或 應先探究勞動者成立工會之主要本質,即其須有明確之團體利益導向。因此,該組織之各知識工作者,因某事件而形成明確團體利益之意識下,則工會組織才會對其發揮作用,接續談及的團體協商、 爭議權之行使才有意義。而對於無工會之企業,應強調該企業健全 人力資源發展之重要,因為在人力資源發展良好的企業裡,其相對 會為員工設立健全內部申訴管道,如此或應可相當地解決員工之困 擾,消弭問題之滋衍。對於知識工作者因移動自由,不管是人權、團體勞動權利,皆有可類推適用之保障規範,然當該知識工作者因涉及涉外要素之民事事件時,則產生國際裁判管轄權之問題。而按法律行為發生涉外關係時,有關當事人自主原則,此時應判定其為「國際私法之當事人意思自主原則」,抑或「實體法上之當事人意思自主原則」,因為適時區別對該知識工作者權益會有所助益。 關鍵字:知識經濟、勞動關係、知識工作者、非典型勞動者 / Abstract Because of industrial structure transformation, it causes to change that the laborer image which the labour protection law originally expected to, and then the protection design gradually does not tally. Knowledge economy has its influence regarding industrial labour relations on the impacts of the occupation classification standard, labour standards law applying to all, the subservience of labour relations, and so on; the issues of the working time flexibly, working pressure and work satisfies, the impact of the trade union development, the causing problems of moving freely, etc. Nowadays, there are still different definitions to the knowledge workers, the author inquires into the labour laws how to built in about the knowledge workers that belong to the non-typical labours from the present duty field, however, for the point to be centralized, I focus on the individual labor relations, collective individual labor relations, and working environment rights, etc. Under the knowledge economy and a great diversity of social development, the legislators designing the labour laws in the future have to carefully examine the legislation object about the individual situation. On the knowledge economy,for the knowledge workers of non- typical workers, their working patterns have been differently than ever, as a result of their work investment source from to intelligence, the time about completing the work, it is not suitable for computing by traditional mode. Regarding this kind of knowledge workers, superintendents take flexible working time, pick the responsibility system guidance to their work achievement, etc. So to the code of conduct about time standard, it suitably voluntarily consults by labor both sides. To labour professional safety aspect, the knowledge workers possibly have the spiritual pressure and creating the psychological disease, the International organization and the government in Taiwan for this kind of emerging disease in the future, should understand its the reason of forming, also have to perform effectively and adopt ways of the solution, and seek for psychologically healthy of the workers. The question about the cohesive force of association consciousness for the knowledge workers how to strengthen , perhaps we should first inquire into the main essence about the labours why they set up the trade union, namely they must have the association benefit guidance. Therefore, the organization of various knowledge workers forms the association benefit consciousness under some event, then the labor union can display its function, continues the association which refers to consult, the dispute power enable significance. But regarding the enterprise that has no trade union founded, it should emphasize the sound human resources development, because of doing so, it relatively can set up the perfect internal appeal pipeline for the staff, and perhaps be possible to solve staff puzzle , extinguishes the question to incite spreads out. Regarding the moving freedom of knowledge workers, no matter what the human rights, the association right to labour, All the knowledge workers could be suitable the safeguard standards, however, when they involve in the foreign affairs about the essential factor of the civil event, thus causing the question of the international umpire jurisdiction. But according to the legal act which touches on foreign affairs, concerned independent principle of litigant, this should determine it is “The meaning independent principle of Litigant at the international private law”, or “In substantive law, the meaning independent principle of litigant”, for it is helpful to distinguish them at the right moment for these knowledge workers’rights. Keywords:Knowledge economy, Labour Relations, Knowledge worker, Non- typical worker
4

知識工作者勞資關係認知之探討:以新竹科學園區為例

阮愛寬, Ruan, Ai Kuan Unknown Date (has links)
本研究之研究目的主要探討知識工作者,對於工作本身及勞資關係的認知傾向;利用問卷調查及SAS統計方法,針對新竹科學園區內高科技公司之研究發展部門員工,進行問卷調查以瞭解知識工作者的勞資關係認知型態。 本研究以工作選擇偏好與工作特性二構面,利用集群分析將受訪者分為知識工作者與非知識工作者二類型,探討其在勞資關係與人事管理制度方面,是否有明顯的差異。研究結果發現,知識工作者,其從事之工作類型屬於知識型,勞資關係認知傾向初始型關係契約模式,並且,組織在人事管理制度方面,多採行較自主的管理模式。 換言之,本研究結果發現,知識工作者對於組織及工作的認知,具有混合、模糊的成本/利潤分派原則,且衝量標準較主觀,強調組織與員工二者團結攜手合作,共同規劃未來,因此,在組織人事管理制度的設計上,宜偏向自主性且較具彈性的管理制度,並採行員工分紅、入股的制度,讓員工對組織有長期的發展規劃。此結果顯示與一般認為知識工作者對組織的忠誠者較低有相反的發現,有助於組織瞭解知識工作者的工作態度傾向,以利組織制度的設計及勞資關係良性的發展。 非知識工作者的工作類型,屬於非知識型工作,其勞資關係傾向現代型關係契約模式,其特徵為具有客觀、明確的衡量標準及成本/利潤分派原則,組織與員工間權利、義務規定明確兩者關係卻容易移轉,因此,組織在人事管理制度的設計上,較偏向制度化的管理模式,清礎明確的績效考核制度與定期的獎金制度。 知識已成為企業成功的主要利基,因此,知識工作者將成為主要的資源,企業唯有不斷的激勵知識工作者以創造賴以生存的生產資源,才能在知識社會中生存成長,所以,組織應更加重視知識工作者的勞資認知傾向及智慧財產的管理與保護,才得以發展出和諧的勞資關係。
5

知識工作者工作內涵與知識管理工具需求之關係-組織價值命題權變觀點

林芸慧, Lin, Yun Huei Unknown Date (has links)
目前對於知識管理的相關研究多是從企業的角度出發,探討如何成功地在企業中導入知識管理,而研究中也多指出「人」是知識管理中最難解決的問題。然而,卻很少研究從知識工作者的觀點出發,了解知識工作者對於知識管理工具的需求,有鑑於多數知識管理議題皆是由企業的角度出發,因此企業屬性對於知識管理仍具相當的影響力。因此,本研究以知識工作者的角度出發,探討不同工作內涵的知識工作者對於知識管理工具的需求程度,並輔以企業的組織價值命題為權變因子,試圖找出知識工作者所需要的知識管理工具。 本研究之研究對象為企業的知識工作者。採用網路問卷及電子郵件問卷調查的量化研究方式,經實證結果發現知識工作者的工作內涵及組織價值命題確實影響知識工作者對於不同知識管理工具的需求強度。追求顧客親密性及作業卓越性的企業對支援「定義及分享」、「文件管理」及「資料搜尋」的知識管理工具需求強度較追求產品領導性的企業高;對於支援「定義及分享」的知識管理工具,工作內涵為可攜型的知識工作者需求強度最高,專業型次之,支援型及創造型的知識工作者較低;對於支援「儲存及整合」的知識管理工具,工作內涵為專業型及可攜型的知識工作者對於此功能的需求強度相對高於支援型及創造型的知識工作者。
6

網路社群知識分享過程之研究-以企業管理教學網站為例 / Knowledge Sharing in the Network Community

吳有順, Wu, Yu-Shun Unknown Date (has links)
知識分享是知識管理成敗的關鍵,網路社群又是資訊科技與網際網路中最適於互動與交流的應用方式,因此,本研究擬以網路社群為研究對象,探討以下研究目的:1.何種類型的個人動機、團隊與組織,較有益於知識的分享。2.資訊系統於知識分享過程中所扮演的角色。3.個人、團隊與組織因素之間的互動情形。 本研究採取「個案研究法」,以深度訪談、初步描述性統計分析以及網路上發言記錄的資料分析進行之。研究程序為確認以網路社群之知識分享為研究主題後,隨即進行相關文獻的蒐集與探討,進而發展出研究架構並據之以設計問卷。接下來,針對問卷的結果進行初步描述性統計分析,將整理後的結果與研究架構對照後,設計訪談大綱並進行深度訪談。最後進行個案分析與命題發展,並推導出結論與建議。 本研究的結論如下:個人因素、團隊設計、高階領導、組織文化與管理制度等因素,都會對知識分享意願產生影響,進而影響知識分享行為。個人因素會影響知識分享的意願。不一樣的想法、習慣、個性、限制或動機等個人因素,會形成不一樣的知識分享意願。不同的團隊成員或設計會有不同的知識分享意願。高階領導會影響知識分享的意願,且高階領導涉入越深,促進知識分享意願的效果越顯著。組織文化會影響知識分享的意願,其中非正式關係越好或是越容許犯錯,越能促進分享意願。管理制度會影響知識分享的意願,其中獎勵、舉辦專案或娛樂活動與建立實務社群等,皆能促進知識分享意願。組織因素中(高階領導、組織文化、管理制度),以高階領導對知識分享意願的影響最大,管理制度最小。個人、團隊、高階領導、組織文化與管理制度等各項影響知識分享意願的因素之間,彼此會互相影響,進而影響知識分享意願。知識分享意願受個人、團隊與組織因素的影響來決定,而良好的資訊系統會間接增強分享意願,資訊系統不好則會降低意願,性質較接近保健因子。影響知識分享行為的因素有知識分享意願與個人限制,如專業能力、電腦能力與時間壓力等,其中以分享意願最為重要。網路社群的知識分享行為對經驗傳承與溝通協調有正面的影響,其影響的效果又受高階領導與組織文化等因素的影響。 本研究的建議如下:1.進行知識管理時,不可忽略知識分享的重要性。本研究所提出的架構,或許還有些許參考的價值。2.可以將資訊系統視為一種限制條件,亦即在一定的資訊系統下,組織如何透過內部的調整與安排,使得知識分享的效果極大化。3.引進知識分享的資訊工具後,必須注意其他配套措施是否完善,諸如個人動機、團隊設計、高階領導、組織文化與管理制度等,以免空有知識分享的工具,而沒有具體的知識分享行為。 / Knowledge sharing is the most important key of knowledge management. Network community, also called virtual community, is the best solution in Internet or Information Technology to communicate, interact and share information or knowledge with others. One of network communities will be observed and three issues will be discussed: 1. What kinds of factors can improve the members’ inclination to share their own knowledge? 2. What is the correlation between the process of knowledge sharing and information technology? 3. How do influential factors interact with each other? What the methodology is used is “Case Study”. There are three data sources-deep interview, elementary descriptive statistics analysis and the analysis of records in the database. Personal factors as well as group and organizational ones can influence the inclination to share, which determines the sharing behavior. As for organizational factors, leadership should be considered with first priority. Poor information system will limit the sharing inclination of members. Using good information system; however, cannot surely improve the sharing. Personal factors, group factors, leadership, organizational culture and managerial system would interact with each other. Moreover, the critical factor of the interaction is leadership. There's a distorting opinion on the correlation between knowledge sharing and information system. Information system wouldn’t work without supporting factors, such as leadership, managerial system and so on. In addition, Knowledge sharing could be done well even without excellent information system.

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