Se efectuaron análisis químico completo a tres tubérculos: Oca (Oxalis tuberosa),Olluco (Ullucus tuberosus) y Mashua (tropaeolum tuberosum) al estado fresco, mediante métodos de la AOAC y la FAO, encontrándose los siguientes valores: Proteína 0.97%, 1.00%, 1.20%; grasa 0.80%, 0.0%, 0.2%; cenizas 0.57%, 0.52%, 0.70%, fibra 0.76%, 0.58%, 0.79 %; carbohidratos 13.16%, 12.58%, 10.95%, respectivamente.
Se aisló el almidón de los tres tubérculos siendo el rendimiento de 12.85%, 5.05% y 2.20 % para la oca, olluco y mashua respectivamente; a los que se efectuó análisis químico proximal no encontrándose diferencias significativas entre ellos. En cuanto a las características morfológicas, mediante el empleo de un microscopio Carl Zeiss, se encontró que los gránulos de almidón tenían la forma elíptica, triangular y globular con un tamaño promedio de 30, 15 y 10 micras para la oca, olluco y mashua respectivamente. Con respecto al carácter iónico todos mostraron un comportamiento catiónico similar.
Se encontró que la solubilidad de los gránulos de los almidones a 60 ºC fue de 6.97% para la oca, 2.75% para el olluco y 2.27% para la mashua; mientras que el poder de hinchamiento varió entre 11.85, 8.36% y 4.51% para cada uno de ellos.
La viscosidad determinada mediante un viscosímetro de Brookfield a 60 ºC, fue de 504, 392 y 340 centipoise para la oca, olluco y mashua respectivamente.
De la aplicación tecnológica solo el almidón de oca proporcionó un excelente resultado, obteniéndose un producto alimenticio instantáneo (mazamorra) de buenas características organolépticas y un alto grado de aceptabilidad con un aporte calórico de 411.5 Kcal por cada 100g.
Palabras claves: Tubérculos andinos, oca, mashua, olluco, almidón, caracterización. / A complete chemical analysis on three fresh tubercles: Oca (Oxalis tuberosa), Olluco (Ullucus tuberosus) and Mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum), using AOAC and FAO Methods, were carried out. Values of protein: 097%, 1.00%, 1.20%; fat: 0.80%, 0.0% 0.2%; ash: 0.57%, 0.52%, 0.70%; fiber: 0.76%, 0.58%, 0.79% and carbohydrates: 13.16%, 15.58% and 10.95%, were found for each one.
Performance of 12.85% for oca; 5.05% for olluco and 2,20% for mashua were found after the starch isolations were made.
A proximal chemical analysis was made on the starch isolated from each tubercle and no significative differences between them was found.
A morphological study of starch from each tubercle, using Carl Zeiss microscope was made.
An elliptic starch granules shape for oca, triangular for olluco and globular for mashua were found, and an average size of 30 microns for oca, 15 microns for olluco and 10 microns for mashua were found also. Regarding to ionic character, a similar cationic behavior were shown for all of them.
Solubility test for starch granules was made to 60 ºC. Values of 6.97% for oca, 2.75% for olluco and 2.27% for mashua were found, a swellness power of 11.85% for oca, 8.36% for olluco and 4.51% for mashua were found.
A viscosimetric study, using Brookfield viscosimeter to 60 ºC was made. Values of 504 for oca, 392 for olluco and 340 centipoise for mashua was obteined.
Technological use study was made. As a result only oca starch gave excellent result. An instant food product (crumbs), with good organoleptic characteristics, high acceptability grade and caloric content of 411,5 Kcal for 100 grams of product was obtained.
Key Words: Tubercles anden, oca, mashua , olluco , starch , chacarteristation.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:Cybertesis/oai:cybertesis.unmsm.edu.pe:cybertesis/2588 |
| Date | January 2004 |
| Creators | Surco Laos, Felipe Artemio |
| Contributors | Córdova Rivera, Augusta |
| Publisher | Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos |
| Source Sets | Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos - SISBIB PERU |
| Language | Spanish |
| Detected Language | Spanish |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/bacherlorThesis |
| Source | Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Repositorio de Tesis - UNMSM |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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