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Aplicação da irradiação micro-ondas em biocatálise: resolução cinética, redução de cetonas e adição de Michael / Application of microwave irradiation on biocatalysis: kinetic resolution, reduction of ketones and Michael addition

Neste trabalho foram realizadas reações de resolução enzimática de ciano-hidrinas [(±)-mandelonitrila 1a, (±)-2-(4-clorofenil)-2-hidroxiacetonitrila 2a, (±)-2-hidroxi-2-(4- hidroxifenil)acetonitrila 3a, (±)-2-hidroxibutanonitrila 4a, (±)-2-(4- fluorofenil)acetonitrila 5a, (±)-2-hidroxi-2-(4-metoxifenil)acetonitrila 6a, (±)-2-hidroxi- 2-(3-fenoxifenil)acetonitrila 7a e (±)-(E)-2-hidroxi-4-fenilbut-3-enonitrila 8a] e de álcoois organofluorados [(±)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-feniletanol ±9a, ±±)-1-(2,4,5- trifluorofenil)etanol 10a, (±)-1-(3-bromofenil)-2,2,2-trifluoroetanol 11a, (±)-1-(4- bromofenil)-2,2,2-trifluoroetanol 12a e (±)-1-(2-trifluorometil)feniletanol 13a] utilizando a lipase imobilizada de Candida antarctica (CALB). As reações foram realizadas em agitador orbital por um período de tempo que variou entre 24-168 h de reação apresentando diferentes conversões e excessos enantioméricos: [(R)-álcool 1a (c = 51%, ee = 51%), (S)-acetato 1b (c = 49%, ee = 98%); (R)-álcool 2a (c = 42%, ee > 99%), (S)-acetato 2b (c = 58%, ee = 94%); (R)-álcool 3a (c = 34%), (S)-acetato 3b (c = 32%, ee = 28%); (R)-álcool 4a (c = 82%), (S)-acetato 4b (c = 18%, ee = 25%); (R)-álcool 5a (c = 5%), (S)-acetato 5b (c = 55%, ee = 97%); (R)-álcool 6a (c = 44%), (S)-acetato 6b (c = 56%, ee = 99%); (R)-álcool 7a (c = 53%), (S)-acetato 7b (c = 47%, ee = 92%); (R)-álcool 8a (c = 40%), (S)-acetato 8b (c = 60%, ee = 80%); (R)-álcool 9a (c = 51%, ee = 62%), (S)- acetato 9b (c = 49%, ee > 99%); (S)-álcool 10a (c = 50%, ee > 99%), (R)-acetato 10b (c = 50%, ee > 99%); (R)-álcool 11a (c = 49%, ee = 61%), (S)-acetato 11b (c = 51%, ee = 82%); (R)-álcool 12a (c = 51%, ee = 72%), (S)-acetato 12b (c = 49%, ee > 99%); (S)-álcool 13a (c = 88%), (R)-acetato 13b (c = 12%, ee > 99). Os resultados por irradiação micro-ondas para os compostos obtidos apresentaram menores tempos de reação (1-14 h) comprovando a sua eficiência na resolução quimio-enzimática de compostos organofluorados e ciano-hidrinas: [(R)-álcool 1a (c = 60%, ee = 89%), (S)-acetato 1b (c = 40%, ee = 92%); (R)-álcool 2a (c = 47%, ee = 82%), (S)-acetato 2b (c = 53%, ee = 90%); (R)-álcool 3a (c = 34%), (S)-acetato 3b (c = 17%, ee = 59%); (R)-álcool 5a (c = 4%, ee = 88%), (S)-acetato 5b (c = 50%, ee = 92%); (R)-álcool 6a (c = 44%, ee = 73%), (S)-acetato 6b (c = 56%, ee = 90%); (R)-álcool 7a (c = 50%, ee = 84%), (S)-acetato 7b (c = 50%, ee = 84%); (R)-álcool 8a (c = 41%, ee = 91%), (S)-acetato 8b (c = 59%, ee = 74%); (S)-álcool 9a (c = 95%), (R)-acetato 9b (c = 5%, ee > 99%); (R)-álcool 10a (c = 50%, ee >99%), (S)- acetato 10b (c = 50%, ee >99%); (R)-álcool 11a (c = 58%, ee = 43%), (S)-acetato 11b (c = 42%, ee = 78%); (S)-álcool 12a (c = 51%, ee = 70%), (R)-acetato 12b (c = 49%, ee = 98%); (S)-álcool 13a (c = 85%), (R)-acetato 13b (c = 15%, ee > 99)]. Em especial destaca-se, neste trabalho o uso de células microbianas utilizando a irradiação micro-ondas na redução de fluorocetonas. Sendo assim, foi realizada reações de biorredução da (±)- 2,2,2-trifluoroacetofenona 3 em agitador orbital e irradiação micro-ondas pelo fungo marinho Mucor racemosus CBMAI 847 nas concentrações de (2,9; 5,7; 8,5 e 14 mmol/L) em pH 8 e na concentração de 14 mmol/L em pH 5. Após 6 h de reação obtiveram-se conversões entre 39-100% e excessos enantioméricos entre 74-96% em agitador orbital e por irradiação micro-ondas obteve-se uma variação de 28-64% de conversão e excesso enantiomérico entre 73-96%. Também foram realizadas reações de biorredução com as bactérias termofílicas SPZSP005, SPZSP088, SPZSP051 e SPZSP055 para cetonas organofluoradas obtendo-se elevadas enantiosseletividades (>99%) e conversões (>99%). Esse estudo relata a primeira investigação da literatura frente ao uso de fungo e bactérias termofílicas por irradiação micro-ondas aplicada em biocatálise. Foram também realizadas reações de adição de aza-Michael entre a benzilamina e cetonas ?,β-insaturadas (ciclo-hexenona, 3-metil-2-ciclo-hexen-1-ona e a 2,5-dimetil-para-benzoquinona) utilizando a CALB em diferentes solventes orgânicos (EtOAc, CH2Cl2, n-hexano, MeOH, tolueno, éter etílico e THF) em agitador orbital e por irradiação micro-ondas. Através das reações de adição de aza-Michael foi obtido por adição-1,2 e adição-1,4 como adutos iminas, os quais foram caracterizadas por espectrometria de massas. Finalmente neste trabalho aplicou a irradiação micro-ondas em biocatálise via resolução cinética, redução de cetonas e adição de Michael. / In this study, enzymatic kinetic resolutions of cyanohydrins [(±)-mandelonitrile 1a, (±)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyacetonitrile 2a, (±)-2-hydroxy-2-(4- hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile 3a, (±)-2-hydroxybutanenitrile 4a, (±)-2-(4- fluorophenyl)acetonitrile 5a, (±)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-metoxiphenyl)acetonitrile 6a, (±)-2- hydroxy-2-(3-fenoxyphenyl)acetonitrile 7a and (±)-(E)-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbut-3- enonitrile 8a], and organofluorine alcohols [(±)-2,2,2-trifluoro-1-phenylethanol 9a, (±)-1-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethanol 10a, (±)-1-(3-bromophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 11a, (±)-1-(4-bromophenyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol 12a and (±)-1-(2- trifluoromethyl)phenylethanol 13a] were performed using immobilized lipase from Candida Antarctica (CALB). The reactions were performed on an orbital shaking for a period ranging from 24 to 168 h with different conversions and enantiomeric excesses. [(R)- alcohol 1a (c = 51%, ee = 51%), (S)-acetate 1b (c = 49%, ee = 98%); (R)- alcohol 2a (c = 42%, ee > 99%), (S)-acetate 2b (c = 58%, ee = 94%); (R)-alcohol 3a (c = 34%), (S)-acetate 3b (c = 32%, ee = 28%); (R)-alcohol 4a (c = 82%), (S)-acetate 4b (c = 18%, ee = 25%); R)-alcohol 5a (c = 5%), (S)-acetate 5b (c = 55%, ee = 97%); (R)-alcohol 6a (c = 44%), (S)-acetate 6b (c = 56%, ee = 99%); (R)-alcohol 7a (c = 53%), (S)-acetate 7b (c = 47%, ee = 92%); (R)-alcohol 8a (c = 40%), (S)-acetate 8b (c = 60%, ee = 80%); (R)- alcohol 9a (c = 51%, ee = 62%), (S)-acetate 9b (c = 49%, ee > 99%); (S)-alcohol 10a (c = 50%, ee > 99%), (R)-acetate 10b (c = 50%, ee > 99%); (R)-alcohol 11a (c = 49%, ee = 61%), (S)-acetate 11b (c = 51%, ee = 82%); (R)-alcohol 12a (c = 51%, ee = 72%), (S)- acetate 12b (c = 49%, ee > 99%); (S)-alcohol 13a (c = 88%), (R)-acetate 13b (c = 12%, ee > 99). The results obtained by microwave irradiation for the substrates showed shorter reaction times (1 to 14 h) demonstrating its efficiency in chemoenzymatic esterifications of organofluorine compounds and cyanohydrins [(R)-alcohol 1a (c = 60%, ee = 89%), (S)-acetate 1b (c = 40%, ee = 92%); (R)-alcohol 2a (c = 47%, ee = 82%), (S)-acetate 2b (c = 53%, ee = 90%); (R)-alcohol 3a (c = 34%), (S)-acetate 3b (c = 17%, ee = 59%); (R)-alcohol 5a (c = 4%, ee = 88%), (S)-acetate 5b (c = 50%, ee = 92%); (R)-alcohol 6a (c = 44%, ee = 73%), (S)-acetate 6b (c = 56%, ee = 90%); (R)-alcohol 7a (c = 50%, ee = 84%), (S)-acetate 7b (c = 50%, ee = 84%); (R)-alcohol 8a (c = 41%, ee = 91%), (S)-acetate 8b (c = 59%, ee = 74%); (S)-alcohol 9a (c = 95%), (R)-acetate 9b (c = 5%, ee > 99%); (R)- alcohol 10a (c = 50%, ee >99%), (S)-acetate 10b (c = 50%, ee >99%); (R)-alcohol 11a (c = 58%, ee = 43%), (S)-acetate 11b (c = 42%, ee= 78%); (S)-alcohol 12a (c = 51%, ee = 70%), (R)-acetate 12b (c = 49%, ee = 98%); (S)-alcohol 13a (c = 85%), (R)-acetate 13b (c = 15%, ee > 99)]. In particular, this thesis show the use of microbial cells in reduction of fluoroketones by microwave irradiation. Thus, bioreduction reactions of (±)-2,2,2- trifluoroacetophenone 3 was performed in orbital shaking and microwave irradiation by marine fungus Mucor racemosus CBMAI 847 in different concentrations (2.9, 5.7, 8.5 and 14 mmol/L) at pH 8 and in the concentration of 14 mmol/L at pH 5. In the reactions after 6 h were obtained a conversion of 39 to 100% and enantiomeric excess of 74-96%, in orbital shaking. The reaction on microwave irradiation gave an increase conversion of 28-64% and enantiomeric excess of 73-96%. Bioreduction reactions were also performed with the thermophilic bacteria SPZSP005, SPZSP088, SPZSP051 and SPZSP055 for organofluorine ketones obtaining high enantioselectivities (> 99%) and conversions (> 99%). This study describes the first investigation on the literature regarding the use of thermophilic bacteria and fungus by microwave irradiation applied to biocatalysis. Were also carried out reactions of aza-Michael addition of benzylamine and ?, β-unsaturated cyclohexenones (cyclo- hexenone, 3-methyl-2-cyclo-hexen-1-one and 2,5-dimethyl-para-benzoquinone) were investigated, using CALB in different organic solvents (EtOAc, CH2Cl2, n-hexane, MeOH, toluene, ethylic ether and THF) in orbital shaking and microwave irradiation. From aza-Michael addition reactions was possible to obtain by 1,2- and 1,4-adition the adduct imines, which were characterized by mass spectrometry. Finally this thesis applied the microwave irradiation in biocatalysis via kinetic resolution, reduction of ketones and aza-Michael addition.

Identiferoai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:teses.usp.br:tde-12122014-162825
Date13 June 2014
CreatorsSandra Santos Ribeiro
ContributorsAndre Luiz Meleiro Porto, Sebastião Ferreira Fonseca, Valéria Regina de Souza
PublisherUniversidade de São Paulo, Química, USP, BR
Source SetsIBICT Brazilian ETDs
LanguagePortuguese
Detected LanguageEnglish
Typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Sourcereponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da USP, instname:Universidade de São Paulo, instacron:USP
Rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess

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