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Previous issue date: 2017-05-26 / Goat meat has lower levels of fat than those found in other types of meat such as beef, pork, sheep and deer, but the lack of selection criteria for slaughter, storage and commercialization of meat leads to a low level because of the lack of standardization of the product presenting unpleasant sensory characteristics. A study of polymorphism, variation in gene expression and the association of these variations with the desired phenotype allows to broaden the understanding of the physiological processes, which helps in the strategies aimed at improving the characteristic of interest, resulting in the expected final phenotype. The objective of the present study was to evaluate polymorphisms and gene expression among some of the most promising genotypes of pleiotropic genes, comparing the polymorphism and expression among groups of animals with greater and lesser weight at slaughter to verify if there is any relation with the weight difference Or softness of the flesh. For this purpose, genotypes of 40 goats from the Saanen and Alpina breeds for the growth hormone (GH) gene, diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 gene (DGAT1), myostatin gene (MSTN), growth factor gene Similar to insulin 1 (IGF1), fatty acid carrier protein (FATP1) gene, nuclear factor 1 (NF1) gene, gamma peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR?) gene. After analyzing the association of the different genotypes with the slaughter weight (AP), carcass weight (PC) and meat softness expressed in shear force (FC), some genes were selected for the analysis of expression and association with them Variables. The GH, NF1 and PPAR genes were not evaluated for expression, the first for not having presented a good result for the efficiency analysis of the other two primers due to the lack of substantial data for the preparation of the primers. For the softness test, previously performed in another study by the same team, the longissimus lumborum muscle was used. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used for the genotyping and later, for some genes, the digestion of the fragments amplified by restriction enzymes, a technique known as PCR-RFLP. Gene expression was conducted using the Real Time PCR technique (qPCR) and the meat tenderness phenotype was analyzed in a texturometer. The data were statistically related using the SAS GLM procedure. The UNIVARIATE procedure was used to verify the normality of residues of expression of the genes under study (expressed as 2-?Ct) and softness data. The averages were compared by the Tukey test and the Pearson correlations tested by the t test. The polymorphism already described in the GH was also detected in the population studied in the present study, the genotype heterozygous AB presented a mean 2.78kg at slaughter weight more than the AA individuals, for the MSTN the individuals with heterozygous M1M2 genotype presented higher scores for weight at slaughter, while for the IGF1 gene the heterozygous AB animals present less tender meat. The group with lower weight at slaughter showed higher expression of the DGAT1 and FATP genes, which may reflect a higher deposition of fat in the carcass and greater softness, in comparison with the group of higher weight. / A carne caprina apresenta teores de gordura abaixo dos encontrados em outros tipos de carne como a de bovino, su?no, ovino e veado. Entretanto, a falta de crit?rio de sele??o para o abate, estocagem e comercializa??o da carne, acaba por gerar um baixo n?vel de consumo, devido ? falta de padroniza??o do produto apresentando caracter?sticas sensoriais desagrad?veis. Estudo de polimorfismo, varia??o na express?o g?nica e associa??o destas varia??es com o fen?tipo desejado permite ampliar a compreens?o sobre os processos fisiol?gicos, al?m de auxiliar programas de melhoramento gen?tico animal para a sele??o de animais com fen?tipos superiores para a caracter?stica de interesse. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a associa??o de polimorfismos e express?o g?nica com a caracter?stica peso ao abate e verificar se h? rela??o entre a diferen?a de peso e a maciez da carne. Para este prop?sito foram identificados inicialmente os gen?tipos de cabritos das ra?as Saanen e Alpina para os seguintes genes: horm?nio do crescimento (GH), diacilglicerol aciltransferase 1 (DGAT1), miostatina (MSTN), fator de crescimento semelhante ? insulina 1 (IGF1), prote?na transportadora de ?cidos graxos (FATP1), fator nuclear 1 (NF1), receptor ativado por proliferadores de peroxissomas gama (PPAR?). Ap?s a an?lise de associa??o dos diferentes gen?tipos com o peso ao abate (PA), peso da carca?a (PC) e maciez da carne expressa em for?a de cisalhamento (FC), foram selecionados alguns genes para a an?lises de express?o e associa??o com as mesmas vari?veis. Os genes GH, NF1 e PPAR n?o foram avaliados quanto a express?o, o primeiro por n?o ter apresentado um bom resultado para as analise de efici?ncia dos primers os outros dois devido ? problemas no genoma refer?ncia para a confec??o dos primers. Para o teste de maciez foi utilizado o m?sculo longissimus lumborum. Para a genotipagem foi utilizada a t?cnica da rea??o em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR) e posteriormente, para alguns genes, digest?o dos fragmentos amplificados por enzimas de restri??o (PCR-RFLP). A express?o g?nica foi conduzida utilizando a t?cnica de PCR em Tempo Real (qPCR) e o fen?tipo de maciez da carne foi analisado em textur?metro. Os dados foram analisados estat?sticamente utilizando o procedimento GLM do SAS. O procedimento UNIVARIATE foi utilizado para verificar a normalidade dos res?duos da express?o dos genes em estudo (expressos com 2-?Ct) e dados de maciez. As m?dias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey e as correla??es de Pearson testadas pelo teste de t. O polimorfismo j? descrito no GH foi tamb?m detectado na popula??o estudada no presente trabalho, o gen?tipo heterozigoto AB apresentou m?dia 2,78kg a mais de peso ao abate do que os indiv?duos AA, para a MSTN os indiv?duos com gen?tipo heterozigoto M1M2 apresentaram maiores escores para peso ao abate, enquanto para o gene IGF1 os animais heterozigotos AB apresentam carne menos macia. O grupo com menor peso ao abate apresentou maior express?o dos genes DGAT1 e FATP, o que pode refletir maior deposi??o de gordura de gordura na carca?a e maior maciez, em compara??o com o grupo de maior peso.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:jspui/2413 |
| Date | 26 May 2017 |
| Creators | GARCIA, Odair Scatolin Rossafa |
| Contributors | Soares, Maria Am?lia Menck, Soares, Maria Am?lia Menck, Gasparino, Eliane, Ara?jo, Jean Luiz Sim?es de, Armada, Jorge Luiz Azevedo de, Dias, Marina Mortati |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, UFRRJ, Brasil, Instituto de Zootecnia |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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