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Previous issue date: 2012-03-20 / CAPES / Calliphorids are insects of medical-sanitary i and forensic entomology, contributing mainly to estimate the minimum post mortem interval. Therefore, studies on population dynamics under different abiotic conditions, as well as investigations on diperan control are very important. This study was divided into four chapters that approached the subject from different perspectives. The first two chapters are related to post-embryonic development of Chrysomya megacephala and Chrysomya albiceps submitted to different photoperiods (L0:D24, L12:D12, L16:D8, L24:D0). These species responded differently, however both species had a faster development for the different stages and their viabilities were higher in the 24h scotophase ( 24 hours of darkness) when compared to the other photoperiods. There was a trend for deceleration of the development as the photophase increased and it was evident for the larval stage of the both species. However, in C. albiceps was more pronouced for newly- larvae hatched to adult period, presenting a difference of up to four days between the shorter photophase (L0:D24) and the longer photophase (L24:D0). The total period of development of C. megacephala was shorter when the 24hscotophase was compared to the others. Therefore, it was possible to infer that the different photoperiods presented a circadian rhythm of emergence with distinct daily emergence rate, suggesting that this phenomenon was primarily regulated by an endogenous circadian clock, even if they presented modulations by photophases. In the third chapter, the aim was to investigate the biological aspects of Nasonia vitripennis (Pteromalidae) when the female explored hosts buried at different depths ranging from 0.0 to 5.0 cm at 0.5 cm intervals, for two periods of exposition: 24 and 48h. It was observed that two factors, period of exposition and pupation depths, caused differences in the parasitoid progeny and had a relation of dependence. For the group exposed for 48h, the pupae were parasitized only when buried up to 2.0 cm depth, however, for the group exposed for 72h, the parasitic capacity of parasitoids reached pupae buried up to 3.0 cm deep. The group exposed for 48h had a decreasing number of female emerged per pupae as the depth increased. This trend was not observed for the group exposed for 72h. The number of male emerged per pupae did not differ among the depths and periods of expositions. The sex deviation was higher for female for both exposure periods and for all depths. In the fourth chapter was the effect of a cornoside extracte from Parahancornia amapa (Apocynaceae) on post-embryonic development of Chrysomya putoria and progeny of N. vitripennis was investigated. The larval weigh and post-embryonic developmental period of C. putoria were not affected, with exception for the pupal development that was slower with the treatment with 5% cornosideo when compared to the control (distilled water). The newly-hatched larvae to adult period presented a viability of around 60 % for boths treatments. In relation to to the effect of the cornosideo on progeny of the parasitoids the following parameters were analysed: number of parasitoids emerged per pupae, sex ratio and developmental period. None of these were affected in comparison to the control group. The lack of effect of 5% cornoside on calliphorid flies may be a negative aspect when control is being concerned. However the lack of effect on the parasitoid, used as natural controllers of calliphoridas, is a / Califor?deos apresentam import?ncia m?dica-sanit?ria e tamb?m na entomologia forense, pois auxiliam a data??o do intervalo p?s-morte. Desta forma, estudos relativos ? din?mica populacional em diferentes condi??es abi?ticas, bem como investiga??es sobre m?todos de controle destes d?pteros s?o de suma import?ncia. O presente estudo foi dividido em quatro cap?tulos que abordaram o tema por diferentes perspectivas. Os dois primeiros cap?tulos foram relativos ao desenvolvimento de Chrysomya megacephala e Chrysomya albiceps submetidas a diferentes fotoper?odos (L0:E24, L12:E12, L16:E8, L24:E0). Estas esp?cies responderam distintamente, no entanto ambas as esp?cies submetidas ?s 24h de escotofase tiveram desenvolvimento mais acelerado em suas diferentes fases imaturas e as viabilidades foram maiores em rela??o aos demais fotoper?odos. Houve uma tend?ncia para desacelara??o do desenvolvimento ? medida que a fotofase foi aumentada, isto foi bem evidente para a fase larval em ambas as esp?cies. Embora, em C. albiceps foi mais pronunciado no per?odo de neolarva a adulto, havendo uma diferen?a de at? quatro dias entre a menor (L0:E24) e a maior fotofase (L24:E0). Em C. megacephala houve diferen?a somente quando o grupo submetido ?s 24h de escotofase foi comparado aos demais fotoper?odos, tendo o desenvolvimento mais acelerado. Foi poss?vel inferir que o ritmo de emerg?ncia teve periodicidade circadiana, embora com taxas di?rias de emerg?ncia distintas nos diferentes fotoper?odos. No terceiro cap?tulo objetivou-se investigar aspectos biol?gicos de Nasonia vitripennis (Pteromalidae) quando expostas aos hospedeiros enterrados em diferentes profundidades, variando de 0,0 a 5,0 cm, a cada 0,5 cm, por dois per?odos, 24h e 48h. Observou-se que a explora??o do pup?rio foi influenciada pelos dois fatores, tempo e profundidade, havendo uma rela??o de depend?ncia entre eles. Em 48h de exposi??o foram observados pup?rios parasitados somente at? a profundidade de 2,0 cm, por?m em 72h a capacidade parasit?ria foi at? 3,0 cm. Houve um decr?scimo do n?mero de f?meas emergidas por pupa com o aumento das profundidades em 48h, no entanto esta tend?ncia n?o foi observada em 72h. O n?mero de machos por pupa n?o diferenciou entre as profundidades e nem entre os dois tempos de exposi??o. Houve um desvio da raz?o sexual para f?meas em ambos os tempos de exposi??o e em todas as profundidades. No quarto cap?tulo foi investigada a a??o do cornos?deo, a fra??o metan?lica do l?tex de Parahancornia amapa (Apocynaceae), sobre o desenvolvimento de Chrysomya putoria e sobre a prog?nie de N. vitripennis. Foi observado que o peso larval e o tempo de desenvolvimento p?s-embrion?rio de C. putoria n?o foram alterados, com exce??o do per?odo pupal que foi mais lento no tratamento com cornos?deo a 5% quando comparado ao grupo controle (?gua destilada). A viabilidade de neolarva a adulto foi em torno de 60% para ambos os tratamentos. Quanto ? influ?ncia do cornos?deo sobre a prog?nie dos parasit?ides, o n?mero de parasit?ides, raz?o sexual e tempo de desenvolvimento n?o foram alterados quando comparados ao controle. P?de se dizer que o cornos?deo a 5% n?o exerceu efeito sobre os califor?deos, aspecto negativo para o controle, e nem tampouco em seus controladores naturais, aspecto positivo.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:jspui/1867 |
| Date | 20 March 2012 |
| Creators | MELLO, Renata da Silva |
| Contributors | Borja, Gonzalo Efrain Moya, Queiroz, Margareth Maria de Carvalho, Coelho, Val?ria Magalh?es Aguiar, Braga, Marina Vianna, Mello, Rubens Pinto de, d'Almeida, Jos? M?rio |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Biologia Animal, UFRRJ, Brasil, Instituto de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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