隨著經濟的快速發展，人類活動對環境的衝擊日趨嚴重，為了抑制環境的損害，近年來，環保標章逐漸成為各國政府採用的新興環境管制工具，而目前大部分文獻著重於分析環保標章是否對消費者的行為模式產生改變及是否有效發揮減少污染排放與提升社會福利的效果，至於實行後有關貿易效果的部分，較少著墨。因此本文主要探討國內市場、廠商結構有所不同，但皆已實施環保標章制度的情況下，環保標章與非環保標章產品廠商之最適價格、產量及利潤，以及因貿易自由化造成關稅的下降，對於污染稅與國內環境品質的影響為何？
本文以垂直差異化模型，描述消費者行為，並建立一個多家非環保標章廠商與一家環保標章廠商於本國市場進行價格競爭的兩國兩廠商理論模型。發現本國廠商為環保標章廠商時，不論在本國觀點或全球觀點下，將對汙染進行課稅，且關稅的下降將促使本國政府提高汙染稅，環境品質會因關稅下降而惡化。本國廠商為非環保標章廠商時，在本國觀點下，將對汙染進行補貼，關稅下降促使本國政府提高汙染補貼，同樣使得環境品質因而惡化；然而，在全球觀點下，將對汙染進行課稅，關稅的下降促使汙染稅跟著調降，環境品質因此而獲得改善。 / Due to the rapid economic development, the environment has got worse. This fact makes eco-label become a new environmental instrument which used by many countries in recent years. Recently, the economists want to figure out the influence of the eco-label. Those researches mainly focus on whether the eco-label changes the consumer behavior patterns and whether it can effectively reduce pollution emissions and improve social welfare. However, in those papers, the effect on trade is less mentioned. This paper focuses on the optimal price, quantity and profit of firms with and without eco-labels, as well as how the decline in tariffs caused by trade liberalization will influence the pollution tax and the domestic environmental quality.
In this paper, we use the vertical differentiation model to describe consumer behavior. What we set here is when the local company is the eco-label product maker, the foreign company will produce non-green products, and vice versa. We found that when local company is the eco-label product maker, no matter in a domestic point of view or from the global perspective, the pollution will be taxed, and the decline in tariffs will raise pollution tax, so the deterioration of environmental quality. When local company is not eco-label product maker, there are two different consequences: in domestic view, the pollutions will be subsidized. We also can see as the tariffs declines, the government will raise its pollution subsidy, which will make the deterioration of environmental quality. From the global perspective, the pollution will be taxed, the decline in tariffs will lead to the reducing of pollution tax, so will improve the quality of the environment.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0972550201 |
| Creators | 蕭文棟 |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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