As quantum computing advances, there is a critical need to develop quantum resistant cryptographic algorithms. The precise timeline for quantum computers to challenge current encryption methods is uncertain, yet the potential risk to global data security is clear. This study addresses the necessity to prepare for these future threats by evaluating and enhancing the security of proposed quantum safe systems. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been proactive in addressing these challenges, proposing a set of quantum safe cryptographic systems, including ML-KEM (Module Lattice-based Key Encapsulation Mechanism) and ML-DSA (Module Lattice-based Digital Signature Algorithm). These systems are believed to be resilient against the computational capabilities of quantum computers, offering a pathway to secure cryptographic practices in the forthcoming quantum era. We have conducted a detailed analysis of ML-KEM and ML-DSA, focusing on their mathematical foundations and the inherent hardness of these systems. This examination helps clarify why they are considered secure against quantum computing. Our study involves implementing an Module-Learning With Errors (MLWE)-based cryptosystem, the foundational hardness of which underpins the security of ML-KEM and ML-DSA. In this implementation, we test two distributions to evaluate the impact of their parameters, as the choice of distribution is crucial since poor distribution choices can lead to significant errors. We carefully track these errors to determine their onset and rate of increase. Furthermore, we assess the readiness of organizations for the quantum era, finding that some have already begun their transition. However, our analysis suggests that security personnel within a well known company may not be as prepared as NIST’s recommendations would suggest. It is imperative for organizations to start preparing now to ensure the future security of their data in the face of quantum computing advancements.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:UPSALLA1/oai:DiVA.org:lnu-130758 |
| Date | January 2024 |
| Creators | Marmebro, Alma, Stenbom, Kristin |
| Publisher | Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för matematik (MA) |
| Source Sets | DiVA Archive at Upsalla University |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Student thesis, info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis, text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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