Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the early 1970s the National Party government under B.l Vorster experienced serious
problems due to its policy on the Coloured population. Issues concerning the mutual
relations between the population groups came strongly to the fore and the government's
policy of separate development was subject to widespread and severe criticism.
The period 1970-1974 is generally regarded as a time of change in South Afiica due to
international and foreign pressures. South Afiica's position in the international community
deteriorated dramatically and attitudes towards the Republic became increasingly hostile in
the rest of the world. Furthermore, the Vorster government was confronted with two
opposing schools of thought within the party itself, the so-called verligtes and the
verkramptes. During the 1970s the political decision-making processes became entangled
in a continuous struggle between the enlightened wing of the National Party, the so-called
Cape Liberals, and a more conservative element, the verkramptes of the Transvaal. Race
relations issues and the government's Coloured policy in particular were often the source
of contention.
In March 1973 Vorster appointed a Commission of Enquiry into Matters Relating to the
Coloured Population Group. It was chaired by prof Erika Theron, formerly professor in
Social Work at the University of Stellenbosch. The Theron Commission, as it became
known generally, consisted of twenty members, six of whom were Coloureds. The
Commission had to investigate the following: the progress made by the Coloured
population group since 1960 in the social, economic and constitutional spheres as well as
in the fields of local management, culture and sport; constraining factors in the various
fields that could be identified as sources of contention; and any other related matters.
The Theron Commission's report was tabled in parliament three years later on 18 June 1976. The Soweto riots that broke out two days before, however, forced news of the
report out of the newspapers and caused its influence to be largely dissipated. The Theron
report contained a number of recommendations that were directly in conflict with the
government's apartheid policy and were hence not acceptable to the government.
Consequently, the government - by way of an interim memorandum and a later white
paper - rejected those recommendations that affected the core of its apartheid policy. The
recommendations included the repeal of the Mixed Marriages Act (Act 55 of 1949) and
Section 16 of the Immorality Act (Act 23 of 1957), two of the cornerstones of the policy
of apartheid. Recommendation No. 178, in which the commission recommended direct
representation for Coloureds at the various levels of government, was also rejected by the
government. The potential influence of the Theron Commission's report to influence
change was thus firmly nipped in the bud.
The government's reaction caused bitter disappointment among the Coloured population
as well as enlightened Whites and at the same time fuelled the conflict between the
verligtes and the verkramptes. It also ensured intensified criticism from the opposition
parties, especially the United Party.
Yet the recommendations of the Theron Commision's report played a prominent role in
the late 1970s and early 1980s, when the wheels of political change began to tum, and let
to the tricameral parliamentary system of 1984 in which the Coloured population group
was also represented. The Arbeidersparty of South Africa (APSA) - Ministers' Council,
which was in control of the House of Representatives from 1984 to 1992, consistently
endeavoured to negotiate a better social, economic and constitutional position for the
Coloured population on the basis of the Theron Commission's report. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die vroeë sewentigerjare van die twintigste eeu het die Nasionale Party-regering, onder
die bewind van BJ. Vorster, ernstige probleme ten opsigte van sy Kleurlingbeleid
ondervind. Probleme rondom die bevolkingsverhoudingsvraagstuk het sterk op die
voorgrond getree en die regering se beleid van afsonderlike ontwikkeling aan
wydverspreide en hewige kritiek onderwerp.
Die tydperk 1970-1974 word allerweë deur kritici beskou as 'n tydperk van verandering in
Suid-Afrika vanweë toenemende binne- en buitelandse druk. Suid-Afrika se posisie binne
die internasionale gemeenskap het drasties verswak en die buiteland het 'n vyandige
gesindheid jeens die Republiek geopenbaar. Daarbenewens het die Vorster-regering
gebuk gegaan onder twee botsende denkrigtings binne die partygeledere, die sogenaamde
verligtes en die verkramptes. Die politieke besluitnemingsprosesse van die sewentigerjare
was vasgevang tussen die verligte vleuel van die Nasionale Party, die sogenaamde Cape
Liberals, en 'n meer konserwatiewe element, die verkramptes van Transvaal tussen wie
daar 'n voortdurende stryd gewoed het. Die bevolkingsverhoudingsvraagstuk en die
regering se Kleurlingbeleid was gereeld in die spervuur.
In Maart 1973 het Vorster 'n Kommissie van Ondersoek na Aangeleenthede rakende die
Kleurlingbevolkingsgroep aangestel. Die voorsitter was prof Erika Theron, voormalige
hoogleraar in Maatskaplike Werk aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch. Die Theronkommissie,
soos dit algemeen bekend sou staan, is saamgestel uit twintig lede waaronder
ses Kleurlinge. Die kommissie moes ondersoek instel na die volgende: die vordering van
die Kleurlingbevolkingsgroep sedert 1960 op maatskaplike, ekonomiese en staatkundige
gebied asook op die terreine van plaaslike bestuur, kultuur en sport; stremmende faktore
op die verskillende terreine wat as knelpunte geïdentifiseer kon word; en enige verdere
verwante sake. Die Theron-verslag is drie jaar later op 18 Junie 1976 in die parlement ter tafel gelê. Die
Soweto-onluste wat twee dae tevore uitgebreek het, het egter die verslag van die
persblaaie verdring en die invloed daarvan grootliks verlore laat gaan. Die Theron-verslag
het aanbevelings bevat wat lynreg in stryd was met die apartheidsbeleid en wat nie vir die
regering aanneemlik was nie. Gevolglik het die regering by wyse van 'n tussentydse
memorandum en 'n latere witskrif daardie aanbevelings wat die kern van sy
apartheidsbeleid aangetas het, afgekeur. Onder die aanbevelings was die herroeping van
die Wet op die Verbod van Gemengde Huwelike (Wet No. 55 van 1949) en Artikel 16 van
die Ontugwet (Wet No. 23 van 1957), twee van die hoekstene van die apartheidsbeleid.
Aanbeveling No. 178, waarin die kommissie regstreekse verteenwoordiging vir die
Kleurlinge op die verskillende owerheidsvlakke en in besluitnemingsprosesse aanbeveel
het, is ook deur die regering afgekeur. Sodoende is die Theron-verslag se potensiële
invloed tot verandering in die kiem gesmoor.
Die regering se reaksie het bittere teleurstelling onder die Kleurlinge en die verligte
blankes veroorsaak en terselfdertyd die fel stryd tussen die verligtes en die verkramptes
aangewakker. Dit het ook toenemende kritiek komende van die opposisiepartye, veral die
Verenigde Party, op die regering verseker.
Die aanbevelings van die Theron-verslag het nietemin 'n prominente rol gespeel in die laat
sewentigerjare en vroeë tagtigerjare toe die wiel van politieke veranderinge begin draai het
en uitgeloop het op die Driekamerparlementstelsel van 1984 waarbinne die Kleurlinge ook
verteenwoordig was. Die Arbeidersparty van Suid-Afrika (APSA) - Ministersraad wat
sedert 1984 tot 1992 in beheer van die Raad van Verteenwoordigers binne die
Driekamerparlement was, het hom voortdurend beywer om aan die hand van die Theronverslag,
'n beter sosiale, ekonomiese en staatkundige posisie vir die Kleurlinge te beding.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/51698 |
| Date | 12 1900 |
| Creators | Barnard, J. M. M. (Jolene) |
| Contributors | Venter, C., Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences . Dept. of History. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | af_ZA |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | 302 p. |
| Rights | Stellenbosch University |
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