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Previous issue date: 2013 / - / O desenvolvimento do transporte ferrovi??rio no Brasil teve diferentes fases, que foram
marcadas por distintas formas de participa????o do Estado na provis??o e regula????o desse servi??o p??blico (incluindo o per??odo em que o mesmo acumulou as duas fun????es, entre as d??cadas de 1950 e 1990). Os graves problemas estruturais e financeiros que atingiram o sistema ferrovi??rio brasileiro a partir da d??cada de 1980 levaram o setor a ser privatizado na d??cada seguinte. Nesse ??nterim, a desestatiza????o do sistema ferrovi??rio
brasileiro acompanhou uma tend??ncia internacional de privatiza????o e
desregulamenta????o de setores de infraestrutura, o que ocorreu no rastro das reformas de orienta????o neoliberal promovidas ap??s a deflagra????o da crise do Estado na d??cada de1970. Nesse novo contexto, a regula????o deve, fundamentalmente, ter a miss??o de incentivar e garantir os investimentos necess??rios, proteger os usu??rios, promover o bem-estar da sociedade e aumentar a efici??ncia da presta????o desse servi??o p??blico. Nesse sentido, a reestrutura????o do sistema ferrovi??rio brasileiro implicou no estabelecimento de um marco regulat??rio, que, atualmente, vem sendo revisado e aperfei??oado. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo mais geral analisar a rela????o entre a regula????o (especialmente o marco regulat??rio) do transporte ferrovi??rio de cargas
brasileiro e o desenvolvimento do setor no per??odo p??s-privatiza????es. Nesse sentido, s??o
examinados os alcances e limites do marco regulat??rio, institu??do no bojo das
privatiza????es, no que tange ?? promo????o dos objetivos e fins pretendidos com a
regula????o do servi??o p??blico de transporte ferrovi??rio de cargas, quais sejam garantir a
viabilidade econ??mica da atividade, criar condi????es para investimentos em melhoria e
expans??o de sua presta????o e, notadamente, assegurar a observ??ncia do interesse p??blico
no que diz respeito ao padr??o de oferta (em termos de regularidade, efici??ncia e de
aumento da produ????o e da qualidade da oferta). Constatou-se que a regula????o p??sprivatiza????o foi capaz de viabilizar a consecu????o de alguns avan??os importantes em
termos de aumento global da produ????o ferrovi??ria e da seguran??a do transporte
ferrovi??rio de cargas (aspectos parametrizados do marco regulat??rio), mas fracassou ao n??o evitar a ocorr??ncia de distor????es como a baixa competitividade, a pouca integra????o da malha e a forte concentra????o de investimentos, de tipos de cargas transportadas e da utiliza????o efetiva da malha em poucos trechos de maior rentabilidade comercial para as empresas. A an??lise empreendida no trabalho sugere que o padr??o de oferta do transporte ferrovi??rio de cargas se aproximou muito mais dos objetivos empresariais das concession??rias, que, de acordo com a sua l??gica comercial, tendem a explorar a malha ferrovi??ria apenas nos trechos (e para o transporte das mercadorias) que lhes sejam mais rent??veis, do que do interesse p??blico, que envolve, conforme cunhado na abordagem te??rica da regula????o, a presta????o do servi??o de forma eficiente (cujos custos e benef??cios
garantam o bem-estar da sociedade), em condi????es adequadas de disponibilidade e
qualidade e, n??o menos importante, com vistas ?? sua expans??o e ?? modicidade das
tarifas cobradas pela sua presta????o. / The development of rail transport in Brazil had different phases, which were marked by
various forms of state participation in the provision and regulation of this utility
(including the period in which it accumulated the two functions, between the 1950s and 1990). The severe financial and structural problems that hit Brazil's railway system from the 1980s led the industry to be privatized in the next decade. Meanwhile, the privatization of the Brazilian railway system followed an international trend of deregulation and privatization of infrastructure sectors, which occurred in the wake of neoliberal reforms promoted after the outbreak of the crisis in the state de1970 decade. In this new context, the regulation should basically have the mission to encourage and ensure the necessary investments, protect users, promote the welfare of society and increase efficiency in the delivery of public services. In this sense, the restructuring of
the Brazilian railway system resulted in the establishment of a regulatory framework,
which currently is being revised and improved. The present study aims to examine the relationship between regulation (especially the regulatory framework) of the Brazilian rail freight and the development of this sector in the post-privatization. Accordingly, we examine the reaches and limitations of the regulatory framework established in the wake of privatization, when it comes to promoting the goals and purpose with the regulation of public rail cargo, namely ensuring the economic viability of the activity, create
conditions for investment in improving and expanding its provision and, in particular,
ensure compliance with public interest as regards the standard offer (in terms of
regularity, efficiency and increased production and quality of its supply). It was found that the post-privatization regulation was able to facilitate the achievement of some important advances in terms of global increased of the production and the safety of rail freight (parameterized aspects of the regulatory framework), but failed to prevent the
occurrence of some distortions such as low competitiveness, poor integration of the
railway network and the strong concentration of investments, types of cargo carried and
the effective use of the railway network in a few rail stretch largest commercial
profitability for companies. The analysis in this paper suggests that the pattern of
provision of rail freight approached more of the business objectives of the
concessionary companies, which, according to your business logic, tend to explore the
railway only in rails stretch (and for transportation of the goods) which are more
profitable, than the public interest, which involves, as coined in the theoretical approach of regulation, the provision of the utility efficiently (whose costs and benefits ensure the well-being of society), under appropriate conditions availability and quality and, not least, with a view to its expansion and the reasonableness of the fees charged for its provision. / Economia e Finan??as
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:123456789/222 |
| Date | January 2013 |
| Creators | Souza J??nior, Marcos Sim??o de |
| Contributors | Carneiro, Ricardo, Guimar??es, Alexandre Queiroz, Grimaldi, M??rcia, Carneiro, Ricardo |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da FJP, instname:Fundação João Pinheiro, instacron:FJP |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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