Thesis (MNutrition (ITE))--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background
Statins are drugs of known efficacy in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia. However, statin-induced myopathy, an adverse effect of statins in up to 15% of its users, has warranted a reduction in the prescription dose or discontinuation of the drug. The exact mechanism of statin-induced myopathy is unknown, but the potential of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) as treatment has been recognized due to decreased human plasma CoQ10 levels found after statin use and the concomitant role of CoQ10 in muscle function.
Objectives
This systematic review assessed the effect of CoQ10 supplementation on: the severity of statin-induced myopathic symptoms, levels of plasma creatine kinase, intramuscular and plasma CoQ10, as well as whether any adverse effects of CoQ10 supplementation such as abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting or headaches were experienced.
Search methods
Two searches for studies were conducted in The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (inception to March 2011 and inception to November 2011), MEDLINE (inception to March 2011 and inception to November 2011), Web of Science (inception to March 2011 and inception to November 2011), Science Direct (inception to March 2011 and inception to February 2012), Wiley Online Library (inception to March 2011 and inception to February 2012), Springerlink (inception to April 2011 and inception to February 2012), EBSCOhost [Academic Search Premier and CAB abstracts (inception to March 2011 and inception to February 2012), CINAHL (inception to March 2011 and inception to November 2011)], Scopus (inception to March 2011 and inception to November 2011) and Google Scholar (inception to March 2011 and inception to February 2012). Reference lists of articles were hand searched for relevant clinical trials. Only trials with a full text were included in the review. Selection criteria
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included with adult participants (mean of 18-64.99 years) of all race/ethnic groups and gender on statin therapy with reported myopathic symptoms from an unknown cause. The intervention was in the form of a pure oral supplement of CoQ10 irrespective of dose, duration and frequency, and the control in the form of a placebo, a similar antioxidant, or no intervention. Outcomes included the severity of myopathic symptoms, levels of plasma creatine kinase (U/L), intramuscular CoQ10 (μmol/kg) and plasma CoQ10 (μmol/L), as well as adverse effects of CoQ10.
Data collection and analysis
The principle investigator and one independent reviewer selected the studies, extracted data and assessed for risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration‘s tool for assessing risk of bias. Authors of relevant clinical trials were contacted for additional information.
Results
Two RCTs were included in the review, totaling 76 participants. A meta-analysis could not be performed, thus the review is narrative. There were an insufficient number of RCTs to confirm whether routine supplementation of CoQ10 improves statin-induced myopathic symptoms.
Conclusions
More and larger RCTs are required to determine the efficacy of CoQ10 supplementation in statin-induced myopathy. Consensus needs to be reached regarding the definition and measurement instrument/s of myopathy so that results of future studies can easily be compared and synthesized. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond
Statiene is medikasie bekend vir die effektiewe behandeling van hipercholesterolemie. Statien-geïnduseerde miopatie is egter 'n newe-effek wat voorkom in tot 15% van gebruikers, wat 'n vermindering in die voorgeskrewe dosis of staking van die medikasie tot gevolg het. Die presiese meganisme van statien-geïnduseerde miopatie is onbekend, maar die potensiaal van Koënsiem Q10 (CoQ10) is geïdentifiseer as 'n moontlike behandeling aangesien menslike plasma CoQ10 vlakke verlaag na die gebruik van statiene en as gevolg van die rol van CoQ10 in spierfunksie.
Doelwitte
Hierdie sistematiese literatuuroorsig het die effek van CoQ10 supplementasie bepaal op: die graad van statien-geïnduseerde miopatiese simptome, plasma kreatien kinase vlakke, intra-muskulêre en plasma CoQ10 vlakke, asook die teenwoordigheid van enige newe-effekte van CoQ10 supplementasie soos abdominale pyn, naarheid en braking of hoofpyne.
Soektogstrategie
Twee soektogte vir studies is uitgevoer in The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (ontstaan tot Maart 2011 en ontstaan tot November 2011), MEDLINE (ontstaan tot Maart 2011 en ontstaan tot November 2011), Web of Science (ontstaan tot Maart 2011 en ontstaan tot November 2011), Science Direct (ontstaan tot Maart 2011 en ontstaan tot Februarie 2012), Wiley Online Library (ontstaan tot Maart 2011 en ontstaan tot Februarie 2012), Springerlink (ontstaan tot April 2011 en ontstaan tot Februarie 2012), EBSCOhost [Academic Search Premier en CAB abstracts (ontstaan tot Maart 2011 en ontstaan tot Februarie 2012), CINAHL (ontstaan tot Maart 2011 en ontstaan tot November 2011)], Scopus (ontstaan tot Maart 2011 en ontstaan tot November 2011) en Google Scholar (ontstaan tot Maart 2011 en ontstaan tot Februarie 2012). Verwysingslyste van artikels is ook met die hand nagegaan vir relevante kliniese proewe. Slegs kliniese proewe waarvan die volteks beskikbaar was, is ingesluit in die oorsig. Seleksiekriteria
Ewekansige gekontroleerde proewe (EGP) is ingesluit met volwasse deelnemers (gemiddeld 18-64.99 jaar) van alle rasse/etniese groepe en geslag op statien-terapie met gerapporteerde miopatie simptome van onbekende oorsaak. Die intervensie was 'n suiwer orale supplement van CoQ10 ongeag die dosis, duurte en frekwensie, en die kontrole 'n plasebo, soortgelyke antioksidant, of geen intervensie. Uitkomste het ingesluit: die graad van miopatie simptome, vlakke van plasma kreatien kinase (U/L), intra-muskulêre CoQ10 (μmol/kg) en plasma CoQ10 (μmol/L), sowel as newe-effekte van CoQ10.
Dataversameling en -analise
Die hoof ondersoeker en een onafhanklike hersiener het die seleksie van studies en data-ekstraksie onderneem en die risiko vir sydigheid geassesseer deur gebruik te maak van die Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias. Outeurs van relevante kliniese proewe is geraadpleeg vir addisionele inligting
Resultate
Twee EGP is ingesluit in die oorsig met 'n totaal van 76 deelnemers. 'n Meta-analise kon nie uitgevoer word nie, dus is die oorsig beskrywend. Daar was te min EGP om te bewys dat roetine supplementasie van CoQ10 statien-geïnduseerde miopatiese simptome verbeter.
Gevolgtrekkings
Meer en groter EGP is nodig om die effektiwiteit van CoQ10 supplementasie in statien-geïnduseerde miopatie te bepaal. Konsensus moet bereik word ten opsigte van die definisie en metingsinstrument/e van miopatie sodat die resultate van toekomstige studies makliker vergelyk en verwerk kan word.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:netd.ac.za/oai:union.ndltd.org:sun/oai:scholar.sun.ac.za:10019.1/71937 |
| Date | 12 1900 |
| Creators | Pietersen, Lauren |
| Contributors | Herselman, Marietjie, Van Zyl, Elizma, Musekiwa, Alfred, Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Dept. of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences. Human Nutrition. |
| Publisher | Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University |
| Source Sets | South African National ETD Portal |
| Language | en_ZA |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis |
| Format | 122 p. : ill. |
| Rights | Stellenbosch University |
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