Antibiotics are one of the greatest discoveries in medicine, and emerged resistances have become a global threat. It is theorized that a big part of the antibiotic resistance genes come from the environment, and wastewater treatment plants and hospitals are considered a great breeding ground for the spread of these. The aim of this project is to analyse the microbiome and resistome of the wastewater of Uppsala and to evaluate the efficiency in the elimination of antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria. Samples from the University Hospital and the influents, sand filter and effluent of the Wastewater Treatment Plant were collected, DNA was extracted and sequenced to be analysed through metagenomics to explore them taxonomically and looking for resistance genes. Bacteria were also isolated, and their resistances were analysed. Taxonomical differences became noticeable in Order, Family, Genus and Species, with an increase of diversity in the Effluent samples. A total of 233 resistance genes were found in all the samples. There was a clear reduction in the number of resistance genes in the Effluent samples. However, there was an important number of genes carried in these and some prevail through all the path. Within all the isolates collected, from a total of 11, three E. coli isolates, one C. freundii and one E. cloacae presented resistances. Our study shows that the effluent of the wastewater treatment plant of Uppsala is potentially causing a negative impact on the environment, flushing out water not completely free of antibiotic resistance genes and resistant bacteria.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:UPSALLA1/oai:DiVA.org:uu-416251 |
| Date | January 2020 |
| Creators | Herrera Rodríguez, Daniel |
| Publisher | Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk biokemi och mikrobiologi |
| Source Sets | DiVA Archive at Upsalla University |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Student thesis, info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis, text |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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