This thesis is based around examination of three mainstream inhaled drugs
Formoterol, Budesonide and Beclomethasone for treatment of asthma and
COPD.
The areas investigated are these which have been raised in reports and
studies, where there are concern, for drug use and assessment of their use.
In reporting this work the literature study sets out a brief summary of the
background and anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system and then
discuses the mechanism of drug deposition in the lung, as well as the
methods of studying deposition and pulmonary delivery devices. This section
includes the basis of asthma and COPD and its treatment. In addition, a short
section is presented on the role of the pharmacist in improving asthma and
COPD patient¿s care.
Therefore the thesis is divided into 3 parts based around formoterol,
budesonide and beclomethasone.
In the first case the research determines the in-vitro performance of
formoterol and budesonide in combination therapy. In the initial stage a new
rapid, robust and sensitive HPLC method was developed and validated for
the simultaneous assay of formoterol and the two epimers of budesonide
which are pharmacologically active.
In the second section, the purpose was to evaluate the aerodynamic
characteristics for a combination of formoterol and the two epimers of
budesonide at inhalation flow rates of 28.3 and 60 L/min. The aerodynamic
characteristics of the emitted dose were measured by an Anderson cascade
impactor (ACI) and the next generation cascade impactor (NGI). In all
aerodynamic characterisations, the differences between flow rates 28.3 and
60 were statistically significant in formoterol, budesonide R and budesonide
S, while the differences between ACI and NGI at 60 were not statistically
significant.
Spacers are commonly used especially for paediatric and elderly patients.
However, there is considerable discussion about their use and operation. In
addition, the introduction of the HFAs propellants has led to many changes in
the drug formulation characteristics. The purpose of the last section is to
examine t h e performance of different types of spacers with different
beclomethasone pMDIs. Also, it was to examine the hypothesis of whether
the result of a specific spacer with a given drug/ brand name can be
extrapolated to other pMDIs or brand names for the same drug.
The results show that there are different effects on aerodynamic
characterisation and there are significant differences in the amount of drug
available for inhalation when different spacers are used as inhalation aids.
Thus, the study shows that the result from experiments with a combination of
a spacer and a device cannot be extrapolated to other combination.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:BRADFORD/oai:bradscholars.brad.ac.uk:10454/4299 |
| Date | January 2009 |
| Creators | Almeziny, Mohammed A.N. |
| Contributors | Clark, Brian J., Chrystyn, Henry |
| Publisher | University of Bradford, School of Life Sciences |
| Source Sets | Bradford Scholars |
| Language | English |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Thesis, doctoral, PhD |
| Rights | <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/3.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/">Creative Commons Licence</a>. |
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