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Previous issue date: 2017-04-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / The horse has a natural predisposition for the sport, however, its use in
competitions can result in stress related problems that impair its sporting performance and
especially its health. In this way it is fundamental not only to understand how the different
risk and resilience factors to different stressors influence the response to stress, but also
to develop strategies that can prevent or minimize the deleterious effects of stress. In this
sense, acupuncture is an ancient technique of Traditional Chinese Medicine that has been
used in the treatment and prevention of stress-related diseases. The present study
proposed the use of two models of stress: one physical (physical exercise) and another
psychological (startle model) to verify the reactivity to the stress of athletes horses. In
addition, it was also evaluated if horses of different sporting modalities present different
psychological stress responses and if acupuncture can alter the responses to physical
stress. In the experiment 1, 16 Thoroughbred race horses were submitted to a exercise in
the field of high intensity and short duration (12 m / s, 4 min). The RR intervals for analysis
of the Heart Rate Variability were acquired through the Polar Equine ? heart rate monitor
and blood samples were collected before and immediately after 2h, 4h, 6h, and 24h after
exercise. The exercise promoted autonomic alterations in the sympatho-vagal balance
since it significantly increased the low frequency component (LF), the heart rate and the
LF / HF ratio, and decreased the high frequency component (HF) (p <0.01). There was an
increase in hematocrit, plasma proteins, glucose and plasma lactate immediately after
exercise (p <0.001). There was an increase (p <0.01) in serum cortisol values after 30
minutes, returning to baseline values after 60 min. However, no significant difference was
observed in plasma cytokines IL-1? and IL-6 between moments after exercise and
baseline. In experiment 2, horses of the experimental group 1 after exercise were
randomly divided into two groups: CTL (C2): Control (without manipulation) and ACUP
(C2)): animals submitted to weekly sessions of acupuncture at points VG1, C7, VG20 and
B52 for 10 weeks. After the treatment period the animals repeated the same exercise and
the same parameters were analyzed. Acupuncture reduced the LF / HF ratio, promoting a
faster recovery of the animals, showing no influence on the other parameters analyzed. In
the experiment 3, 24 equines were used, from three equestrian modes: Polo (PSI) (n = 9),
Dressage (Brazilian Horse Riding) (n = 6) and Endurance (n=6) were subjected to the
experimental model of startling through the abrupt opening of an umbrella. The results
showed that endurance horses presented a significantly less intense startle-induced
autonomic response than Polo and Dressage horses (lower LF / HF ratio at the time of the
jump), paradoxically Enduro horses have cortisol levels in response in response to the
startle than Polo horses. However, there was no difference between the modalities in the
behavioral response after the startle, and Polo horses had significantly higher baseline
levels of cortisol than the other modalities and did not change their cortisol levels in
response to stress. Thus, we can conclude that 1) the exercise in the field of high intensity
and short duration promoted adaptive changes characteristic of stress, being able to be
used in studies of reactivity to stress in race horses; 2) acupuncture has a modulating
effect on the stress-induced autonomic response in athletic horses, and 3) the equestrian
modalities of Dressage, Polo and Endurance present different stress reactivity / O cavalo tem uma predisposi??o natural para o esporte, no entanto, o seu uso em
competi??es pode resultar em problemas relacionados ao estresse que prejudicam seu
desempenho esportivo e principalmente a sua sa?de. Desta forma ? fundamental n?o
apenas entender como os diferentes fatores de risco e de resili?ncia a diferentes
estressores influenciam a resposta ao estresse, como tamb?m desenvolver estrat?gias
que possam prevenir ou minimizar os efeitos delet?rios do estresse. Neste sentido a
acupuntura ? uma t?cnica milenar da Medicina Tradicional Chinesa que tem sido utilizada
no tratamento e preven??es de doen?as relacionadas ao estresse. O presente estudo
prop?s o uso de dois modelos de estresse: um f?sico (exerc?cio f?sico) e outro psicol?gico
(modelo de sobressalto) para verificar a reatividade ao estresse de cavalos atletas. Al?m
disso, tamb?m foi avaliado se cavalos de diferentes modalidades esportivas apresentam
respostas ao estresse de psicol?gico distintas e se acupuntura pode alterar as respostas
ao estresse f?sico. No experimento 1, 16 equinos de corrida da ra?a Puro Sangue Ingl?s
foram submetidos ao exerc?cio a campo de alta intensidade e curta dura??o (12 m/s,
4min). Os intervalos RR para an?lise da Variabilidade da Frequencia Card?aca foram
adquiridos atrav?s do frequenc?metro card?aco Polar Equine? e as amostras de sangue
foram coletadas antes e, imediatamente, 2h, 4h, 6h, e 24h ap?s o exerc?cio. O exerc?cio
promoveu altera??es auton?micas no balan?o simpato-vagal uma vez que aumentou
significativamente o componente de baixa frequ?ncia (LF), a frequ?ncia card?aca e a
raz?o LF/HF e diminuiu o componente de alta frequ?ncia (HF) (p < 0.01). Houve aumento
do hemat?crito, das prote?nas plasm?ticas, glicose e lactato plasm?tico imediatamente
ap?s o exerc?cio (p < 0.001). Houve aumento (p<0.01) nos valores s?ricos de cortisol
ap?s 30 minutos, retornando aos valores basais ap?s 60min. No entanto, n?o foi
observado diferen?a significativa nas citocinas plasm?ticas IL-1? e IL-6 entre os
momentos ap?s exerc?cio e o momento basal. No experimento 2: os equinos do
experimento 1 ap?s o exerc?cio foram aleatoriamente divididos em dois grupos: CTL (C2):
Controle (sem manipula??o) e ACUP (C2)ACUP (C2): animais submetidos a sess?es
semanais de acupuntura nos pontos VG1, C7, VG20 e B52 durante 10 semanas. Ap?s o
per?odo de tratamento os animais repetiram o mesmo exerc?cio e foram analisados os
mesmos par?metros. A acupuntura reduziu a raz?o LF/HF, promovendo uma
recupera??o mais r?pida dos animais n?o apresentando influ?ncia nos demais
par?metros analisados. No experimento 3, foram utilizados 24 equinos, pertencentes a
tr?s modalidades equetres: P?lo (ra?a PSI) (n=9), Adestramento (ra?a Brasileiro de
Hipismo) (n=6) e Enduro (Puro Sangue ?rabe) (n=9) submetidos ao modelo experimental
de sobressalto atrav?s da abertura abrupta de um guarda-chuva. Os resultados
mostraram que cavalos de enduro apresentaram resposta auton?mica induzida pelo
sobressalto significativamente menos intensa que cavalos de Polo e Adestramento
(menor raz?o LF/HF no momento do sobressalto), paradoxalmente cavalos de Enduro
possuem n?veis de cortisol em resposta ao sobressalto mais altos que cavalos de Polo.
N?o houve diferen?a entre as modalidades na resposta comportamental ap?s o
sobressalto, no entanto cavalos de P?lo apresentam n?veis basais de cortisol
significativamente mais altos que as demais modalidades e n?o variaram seus n?veis de
cortisol em resposta ao estresse. Dessa forma, podemos concluir que 1) o exerc?cio a
campo de alta intensidade e curta dura??o promoveu altera??es adaptativas
caracter?stica de estresse, podendo ser utilizado em estudos de reatividade ao estresse
em cavalos de corrida; 2) a acupuntura tem um efeito modulador da resposta auton?mica
induzida pelo estresse em cavalos atletas e 3) as modalidades equestres de
Adestramento, Polo e enduro apresentam reatividade ao estresse distintas
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:jspui/2433 |
| Date | 28 April 2017 |
| Creators | Villas Boas, Julia Dias |
| Contributors | Medeiros, Magda Alves de, Godoi, Fernanda, Malvar, David do Carmo, Szab?, M?rcia Val?ria Rizzo Scognamillo, Costa, Maria Fernanda de Mello |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa Multic?ntrico de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Fisiol?gicas, UFRRJ, Brasil, Instituto de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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