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Previous issue date: 2016-11-24 / This study aims at demonstrating that the history of indigenous peoples in our country is set
by genocide, slavery, expulsions and forced assimilation. From evolutionary ideas, the
Brazilian state bet that the indians would always disappear. However, anthropological theories
more appropriate to empirical realities ??? that permeate the new paradigm established by the
Constitution of 1988, which devotes a multiethnic state and the right to social differentiation???,
demonstrate that the ideas of acculturation, supremacy among human societies and that the
isolation would be essential to the preservation of ethnic identity are inappropriate. In Santa
Catarina, with the consolidation of the West area from the state, a new movement of
colonization of the region begins, aggravating the raids on Kaingang people???s territory.
However, in the late 1970???s, showing their status as protagonists of their own history, the
Kaingang people promoted a revival movement from their traditional lands, starting to
articulate their rights claims towards the state agencies. This study establishes a theoretical
framework for a proper consideration of these issues, trying to avoid the extremes of cultural
relativism, on one hand, and the homogenizing universalities on the other. The analysis
indicates that state neutrality in relation to any conception of good life advocated by
liberalism ??? from an atomistic conception of the human being, artificial and disconnected
from reality, ignoring the membership ties to the community, as shown by the communitarian
critique ??? has been synonymous with invisibility and death for indigenous peoples. Thus, the
study focuses on the demands for recognition policies, which requires that public institutions
no longer ignore it, but admit the cultural specificities, implementing politics of difference
that recognizes the unique identity of each individual or group. In addition, this study also
analyzes the multicultural liberalism that advocates the need to supplement liberalism and its
universal human rights, attributing to ethnocultural minorities a specific set of rights. From
this theoretical framework, several concrete situations related to the Kaingang People from
the West of Santa Catarina are discussed, such as ranging from the right to self-determination,
autonomy and self-government; exercise of specifically indigenous jurisdiction and
enforcement of traditional punishments; inaccuracies and misunderstandings that permeate the
operation of criminal justice in our country in cases involving indigenous rights; pressure
faced by Kaingang in relation to permanent possession of their territories; issues involving
indigenous education and the challenge of preserving their mother tongue. / O presente estudo demonstra que a hist??ria dos povos ind??genas em nosso pa??s ?? marcada por
genoc??dios, escravagismo, expuls??es e assimila????es for??adas. A partir de ideias
evolucionistas, a aposta do estado brasileiro sempre foi de que os ??ndios iriam desaparecer.
Contudo, teorias antropol??gicas mais adequadas ??s realidades emp??ricas ??? e que permeiam o
novo paradigma estabelecido pela Constitui????o Federal de 1988, que consagra um estado
pluri??tnico e o direito ?? diferencia????o social ???, demonstram a impropriedade das ideias de
acultura????o, de supremacia entre sociedades humanas e de que o isolamento seria
imprescind??vel ?? preserva????o da identidade ??tnica. Em Santa Catarina, com a consolida????o do
dom??nio do Oeste, inicia-se um novo movimento de coloniza????o da regi??o, recrudescendo as
investidas sobre o territ??rio do povo Kaingang. Por??m, demonstrando sua condi????o de
protagonistas de sua pr??pria hist??ria, os Kaingang promovem, na d??cada de 1970, um
movimento de retomada de suas terras tradicionais, passando a articular suas demandas por
direitos perante os ??rg??os estatais. O estudo estabelece um referencial te??rico para uma
adequada reflex??o sobre essas quest??es, buscando evitar os extremos, tanto do relativismo
cultural, quanto das universalidades homogeneizantes. A an??lise denota que a neutralidade
estatal em rela????o a qualquer concep????o de vida boa defendida pelo liberalismo ??? a partir de
uma vis??o atom??stica do ser humano, artificial e desconectada da realidade, desconsiderando
os la??os de perten??a com a comunidade, conforme aponta a c??tica comunitarista ??? tem sido
sin??nimo de invisibilidade e exterm??nio para os povos ind??genas. Enfoca, ent??o, as demandas
por pol??ticas de reconhecimento, que exigem que as institui????es p??blicas n??o mais ignorem,
mas sim admitam as especificidades culturais, implementando uma pol??tica de diferen??a que
reconhe??a a identidade peculiar de cada indiv??duo ou grupo. Analisa, ainda, o liberalismo
multicultural, que defende ser necess??rio suplementar o liberalismo e sua pauta universal de
direitos humanos, atribuindo ??s minorias etnoculturais um conjunto espec??fico de direitos. A
partir desse arcabou??o te??rico, s??o discutidas diversas situa????es concretas vivenciadas na
realidade atual do Povo Kaingang do Oeste de Santa Catarina, desde o direito ??
autodetermina????o, autonomia e autogoverno; exerc??cio da jurisdi????o especificamente ind??gena
e aplica????o de penas tradicionais; impropriedades e incompreens??es que permeiam a atua????o
da Justi??a Criminal nos casos envolvendo direitos dos ??ndios; press??es enfrentadas pelos
Kaingang em rela????o ?? posse permanente de seus territ??rios; at?? quest??es envolvendo a
educa????o escolar ind??gena e o desafio de preserva????o de sua l??ngua materna.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:bdtd.ucb.br:tede/2201 |
| Date | 24 November 2016 |
| Creators | Prola J??nior, Carlos Humberto |
| Contributors | Bijos, Leila Maria Da Juda |
| Publisher | Universidade Cat??lica de Bras??lia, Programa Strictu Sensu em Direito, UCB, Brasil, Escola de Humanidade e Direito |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UCB, instname:Universidade Católica de Brasília, instacron:UCB |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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