Este informe jurídico analiza la sentencia casatoria No 1722-2018/Puno
de la Sala Penal Suprema, la cual considera que en el procedimiento de sucesión
intestada notarial, la omisión de consignar a otros posibles herederos,
conociendo su existencia, constituye declaración falsa configurando la conducta
típica penal de falsedad ideológica (428 Código Penal); y que sobre los
particulares en este procedimiento recae un deber de garante, por ello, la
obligación de no omitir información sobre otros herederos.
Los hechos del caso: un ciudadano solicitó notarialmente ser declarado
heredero en la sucesión intestada de su padre, y la de su madre, omitiendo
mencionar a sus tres hermanos, a pesar de conocerlos. Finalizado el trámite del
procedimiento de sucesión notarial, y no habiéndose apersonado los hermanos
excluidos, el solicitante fue declarado como heredero único de sus dos causantes
en SUNARP. Con este título legal, el particular vendió un predio del patrimonio
de ambas sucesiones. Posteriormente, es acusado penalmente como autor del
delito de falsedad ideológica, siendo condenado en primera instancia. Sin
embargo, la Sala Superior revocó la sentencia absolviendo al imputado al no
encontrarle legalmente obligado a indicar la existencia de sus otros hermanos.
Contra esta decisión, se interpuso recurso de casación ante la Corte Suprema,
la cual declaró fundado el recurso.
En este informe se examinará si, en este procedimiento, el particular
tiene la obligación de no omitir a otros herederos; y si existe sustento legal o
doctrinal que establezca un deber especial (deber de garante) en sus
declaraciones documentadas / The present legal report analyses the legal judgment given by the Supreme
Criminal Court in the criminal case No1722-2018/Puno, in which the Court
interprets that, in the notarial succession procedure, omitting the existence of
other possible heirs, knowing their existence, constitutes a false declaration so
that it configures the crime of ideological falsehood stated in the article 428 of
the Penal Code. Since, according to this court of law, the individuals who carry
out the notarial procedure have a guarantor's duty, so they have an obligation
not to omit information about other possible heirs.
As far as the facts are concerned, a citizen requested to be recognized as an
heir in both his father's and his mother's intestate succession, without including
his three brothers despite knowing them. After fulfilling the respective notarial
procedure, the applicant was finally declared the sole heir of the two deceased
in the records of SUNARP. Under this legal status of heir, he proceeded to sell
a house property of both successions to a third party. However, he was
subsequently charged with the crime of ideological falsehood, being convicted
in the first instance. However, the Superior Criminal Court of Appeals of San
Román-Juliaca, revoked the judgment appealed by acquitting the accused by
not finding him legally obliged to state the existence of his other brothers
(despite of knowing them) in the aforementioned notarial declaration. The
Superior Court’s rule was appealed to the Permanent Criminal Chamber of the
Supreme Court of Justice of the Republic which reversed the lower chamber’s
decision.
It will be discussed whether the declarant in this procedure has an obligation not
to omit relevant information, and whether there is a legal or doctrinal basis for
imposing a specific special duty (the duty of guarantor) that restricts the
freedom of the declaring citizen at the time of issuing documented declarations.
Finally, the need for an explicit regulatory framework will be explained, outlining
the duties of the declarant in the notarial intestate succession procedure.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:PUCP/oai:tesis.pucp.edu.pe:20.500.12404/29161 |
| Date | 10 October 2024 |
| Creators | Fuertes Cataño, Hernán Javier |
| Contributors | Rodríguez Castro, Carolina Soledad |
| Publisher | Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, PE |
| Source Sets | Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú |
| Language | Spanish |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
| Format | application/pdf, application/pdf, application/pdf |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/pe/ |
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