Introducción: Las personas privadas de la libertad (PPL) pertenecen a una población vulnerable con mayor carga de enfermedad que la población general, entre ellas enfermedades respiratorias como Asma y/o EPOC. Este estudio evaluó qué factores sociodemográficos y clínicos se asocian al auto-reporte de Asma/EPOC diagnosticado en Establecimientos Penitenciarios (EP).
Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico que incluyó PPLs ≥18 años de 66 diferentes EPs del Perú que participaron en el Censo Nacional Penitenciario 2016. La variable de estudio fue auto-reporte de Asma/EPOC diagnosticada por un profesional de salud luego de ingresar al EP. Se realizaron análisis descriptivo, bivariado, y se obtuvieron razones de prevalencia crudas y ajustadas (RPa) mediante regresión de Poisson multinivel, colocando los EP en el primer nivel.
Resultados: Se evalúo 76180 PPL con una mediana de edad de 34 años y 94.2% eran hombres. La prevalencia de Asma/EPOC fue 2.27%. Factores asociados a mayor prevalencia fueron edad (RPa 1.03 por cada año; IC95% 1.03-1.04), sexo femenino (RPa 1.40; IC95% 1.18-1.67), fumar diario respecto a no fumar (RPa 1.22; IC95% 1.02-1.47), tener VIH/SIDA (RPa 1.55; IC95% 1.06-2.27), y tener Tuberculosis (RPa 4.27; IC95% 3.48-5.22). Tener formación secundaria se asoció a menos probabilidad de Asma/EPOC (RPa 0.80; IC95% 0.71-0.90) así como educación superior (RPa 0.75; IC95% 0.62-0.91), respecto a aquellos que no tenían educación.
Conclusiones: Tener mayor edad, ser de sexo femenino, fumar diario, tener VIH/SIDA, y haber tenido o tener tuberculosis se asociaron a mayor probabilidad de tener Asma y/o EPOC diagnosticado por un personal de salud luego de ingresar al EP, mientras que tener un mayor nivel educativo se asoció a una menor probabilidad. Esto podría servir para identificar población en riesgo cuando ingresan al EP. / Introduction: People Deprived of Liberty (PDL) belong to a vulnerable population with higher burden of disease than general population, including respiratory diseases such as asthma and/or COPD. This study evaluated which sociodemographic and clinical factors are associated with self-reported asthma/COPD diagnosed in Penitentiary Establishments (PE).
Methods: Cross-sectional study that included PDLs ≥18 years old from 66 different PEs in Peru that participated in the Nationwide Penitentiary Census 2016. The outcome variable was self-reported asthma/COPD diagnosed by a health professional after entering a PE. Descriptive, bivariate analyzes were carried out; and crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) were obtained by multilevel Poisson regression, placing PE as first level.
Results: 76180 PDLs were evaluated with a median age of 34 years old, and 94.2% were men. The prevalence of Asthma/COPD was 2.27%. Factors associated with higher prevalence were age (aPR 1.03 for each year; 95% CI 1.03-1.04), female sex (aPR 1.40; 95% CI 1.18-1.67), daily smoking compared to not smoking (aPR 1.22; 95% CI 1.02-1.47) , having HIV/AIDS (aPR 1.55; 95% CI 1.06-2.27), and having past/current Tuberculosis (aPR 4.27; 95% CI 3.48-5.22). Having high school was associated with lower probability of Asthma/COPD (aPR 0.80; 95% CI 0.71-0.90) as well as higher education (aPR 0.75; 95% CI 0.62-0.91), compared to those who had no education.
Conclusions: Being older, being female, smoking daily, having HIV/AIDS, and having or having had tuberculosis were associated with a greater probability of developing asthma and/or COPD diagnosed by health personnel after entering the penitentiary; while having a higher educational level was associated with a lower probability. This could serve to identify populations at risk when they enter a PE. / Tesis
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:PERUUPC/oai:repositorioacademico.upc.edu.pe:10757/659535 |
| Date | 01 February 2022 |
| Creators | Medina Perea, Gabriela, Polar Trinidad, Marcos |
| Contributors | Araujo Castillo, Roger V |
| Publisher | Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), PE |
| Source Sets | Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC) |
| Language | Spanish |
| Detected Language | Spanish |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
| Format | application/pdf, application/epub, application/msword |
| Source | Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Repositorio Académico - UPC |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess, Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ |
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