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Previous issue date: 2009-03-05 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPQ / The estuarine systems influence fish assemblages, throughout their longitudinal gradients and
remarkable salinity changes. Such assemblages adapt to different habitat constraints and
change in spatial and temporal scales. The aim of this study was to assess the ichthyofauna
composition and structure in three zones of the Mambucaba estuary (CZ ? coastal zone; MZ ?
mixture zone and RZ ? river zone) and their relationship with environmental variables and
habitat characteristics. Systematic fish collections (2 months in each seasons) were performed
between October 2007 and August 2008, by using otter trawl at two sites in CZ (C1 e C2),
beach seine at three sites in MZ (M1, M2, M3) and mesh trays at two sites in RZ (R1 e R2).
At each fish sampling occasion, both surface and depth environmental variables of
temperature, salinity, conductivity, turbidity and dissolved oxygen were taken and depth was
measured. A total of 14,320 individuals, in 111 species (RZ ? 18; MZ ? 50, and CZ - 66) were
collected. Distinct fish assemblages were found for each zone, as indicated by low number of
common species (14 - MZ and CZ; 8 - MZ and RZ; and 2 - CZ and RZ), and only one
abundant species (> 1% of the total number of fish within the zone) being common in more
than one zone (Eucinostomus argenteus in CZ and MZ). Such pattern can be related to high
salinity variation in MZ and narrow (20 m) channel width connecting the estuary with the sea,
which can limit fish movement (into/out of the estuary). In CZ, the three more abundant
species were Paralonchurus brasiliensis, Ctenosciaena gracillicirrhus, Anchoa lyolepis,
Larimus breviceps and Stellifer brasiliensis, with large contribution of fish from the
Scieanidae family in this zone (18 species). Spatial changes inf fish species were not
consistent in CZ, probably due to lack of spatio-temporal estuarine plume influence on depth
environmental variables (ANOVA, p>0.05). Depth was the main factor to influence spatial
changes for Diapterus rhombeus (negative association) more abundant in C1 (average depth =
10 m; ANOVA, p<0.05) and Micropogonias furnieri, P. brasiliensis and Pellona harroweri
(positive association) more abundant in C2 (average depth = 17 m; ANOVA, p<0.00).
Diapterus rhombeus and Etropus crossotus occured mainly in Spring and Summer, and
Eucinosomus gula in Spring. The most abundant species in CZ, typical of high salinty
influence, is a indication that this zone have characteristics to inner continental shelf. In MZ,
most abundant species (Eugerres brasilianus, Eucinostomus melanopterus, Trinectes
paulistanus, Gobionellus shufeldti, G. oceanicus, Geophagus brasiliensis, Centropomus
parallelus and Citharichthys arenaceus) have higher number and weight of individuals in M1
(ANOVA, p<0.01), an adjacent lagoon connected to the main channel. In spite of the
significant negative correlation between this species and salinity (r-Spearman>0.32, p<0.01),
the more sheltered areas in M1 seem to be more important to determine this pattern than
salinity itself. The site M1 also have more number of individuals and species (ANOVA,
p<0.01), and larger number of fish of smaller size (CT median = 58mm) compared to M2 and
M3, located in the main channel (median = 106mm) according to Median and Kruskall-Wallis
tests (p<0.01; 2 = 1167.5), indicating the importance of this area for species recruitment.
Low average similarity (SIMPER) for sites M2 (38.7%) and M3 (17.8%) indicate larger
variability of assemblage in these sites, probably due to lesser habitat structure e higher
dynamism. In RZ, the fish assemblage have few species (5) with abundance higher than 1% of
the total number of fishes, being dominated by Dormitator maculatus, Astyanax sp and
ix
Microphis brachyurus lineatus, species typical of upper estuaries and lower river reaches.
Spatial variation was detected for D. maculatus only, more abundant at R2, a site with
abundant riparian vegetation, mainly grass. Dormitator maculatus was more abundant in
Summer and Autumn, M. brachyurus lineatus, in Spring, Autumn and Winter and Astyanax
sp was absent in Spring only. Patterns in fish assemblage structure were at large scale,
primarily species-specific responses to dominant environmental gradient, while at small scale,
results of association with the habitat. / Os sistemas estuarinos influenciam as assembl?ias de peixes, ao longo de seus gradientes
longitudinais e das marcadas varia??es da salinidade. Estas assembl?ias se adaptam ?s
diferentes condicionantes do habitat e variam em escalas espaciais e temporais. O objetivo do
presente estudo foi avaliar a composi??o e estrutura da ictiofauna em tr?s zonas do estu?rio do
rio Mambucaba (ZC ? zona costeira; ZM ? zona de mistura e ZR ? zona de rio) e suas
rela??es com as vari?veis ambientais e caracter?sticas do habitat destas zonas. Coletas
sistem?ticas de peixes (2 meses por esta??o do ano) foram realizadas entre outubro de 2007 e
agosto de 2008, com arrastos de fundo em dois locais da ZC (C1 e C2), arrasto de praia em 3
locais da ZM (M1, M2, M3) e peneira em 2 locais da ZR (R1 e R2). Em cada amostragem de
peixes, foram tomadas, para a superf?cie e fundo, as vari?veis ambientais de temperatura,
salinidade, condutividade, turbidez e oxig?nio dissolvido, bem como medida a profundidade.
Um total de 14320 indiv?duos, constitu?dos por 111 esp?cies (ZR ? 18; ZM ? 50 e ZC - 66)
foram coletados. Assembl?ias de peixes distintas foram identificadas para cada zona,
indicadas pelo baixo n?mero de esp?cies comuns (14 - ZM e ZC; 8 - ZM e ZR; e 2 - ZC e
ZR), e com apenas uma esp?cie abundante (> 1% do numero total de peixes na zona) comum
em mais de uma zona (Eucinostomus argenteus na ZC e ZM). Tal padr?o pode estar
relacionado ? maior variabilidade da salinidade existente na ZM e a estreita (20 m) largura do
canal de conex?o com o mar, fatores que podem ser limitantes aos movimentos
(entrada/sa?da) de peixes. Na ZC, as tr?s esp?cies mais abundantes foram Paralonchurus
brasiliensis, Ctenosciaena gracillicirrhus, Anchoa lyolepis, Larimus breviceps e Stellifer
brasiliensis, com a maior participa??o de peixes da fam?lia Sciaenidae nesta zona (18
esp?cies). As varia??es espaciais das esp?cies foram pouco consistentes na ZC,
provavelmente relacionado a influencia da pluma estuarina n?o ter provocado mudan?as
espa?o-temporais nas vari?veis ambientais de fundo (ANOVA, p>0,05). A profundidade foi o
principal fator respons?vel pela separa??o espacial encontrada para Diapterus rhombeus
(associa??es negativas) mais abundante em C1 (profundidade m?dia = 10 m; ANOVA,
p<0,05) e Micropogonias furnieri, P. brasiliensis e Pellona harroweri (associa??es positivas)
mais abundantes em C2 (profundidade m?dia = 17 m; ANOVA, p<0,00). Diapterus rhombeus
e Etropus crossotus ocorreram principalmente na primavera e ver?o, e Eucinosomus gula na
primavera. As esp?cies mais abundantes da ZC, t?picas de ?guas com maior influencia salina,
? um indicativo de que esta zona tem caracter?sticas mais associadas ? plataforma continental
interna. Na ZM, a maioria das esp?cies mais abundantes (Eugerres brasilianus, Eucinostomus
melanopterus, Trinectes paulistanus, Gobionellus shufeldti, G. oceanicus, Geophagus
brasiliensis, Centropomus parallelus e Citharichthys arenaceus) apresentou maior n?mero e
peso de indiv?duos em M1 (ANOVA, p<0,01), uma lagoa adjacente conectada ao canal
principal. Apesar das correla??es negativas significativas observadas entre estas esp?cies e a
salinidade (r-Spearman>0.32, p<0,01), as ?reas mais abrigadas em M1 parecem ser mais
determinantes neste padr?o do que a salinidade em si. O local M1 tamb?m apresentou o maior
n?mero de indiv?duos e de esp?cies (ANOVA, p<0,01), com maior n?mero de peixes de
menor tamanho (CT mediana = 58mm) do que dos locais M2 e M3, situados no canal
principal (mediana = 106mm) de acordo com o Teste das Medianas e Teste de Kruskallvii
Wallis (p<0,01;
2 = 1167,5), indicando a import?ncia desta ?rea para o recrutamento das
esp?cies. A baixa similaridade m?dia (SIMPER) para os locais M2 (38,7%) e M3 (17,8%)
indicam uma maior variabilidade na assembl?ia destes locais, possivelmente devido a menor
estrutura??o do habitat e maior dinamismo. Na ZR, a assembl?ia de peixes apresentou poucas
esp?cies (5) com abund?ncia maior que 1% do n?mero total de peixes, sendo dominada por
Dormitator maculatus, Astyanax sp e Microphis brachyurus lineatus, esp?cies t?picas de ?reas
lim?trofes entre a zona superior do estu?rio e a zona baixa de rio. Varia??es espaciais foram
detectadas apenas para D. maculatus, mais abundantes em R2, um local com abundante
vegeta??o marginal composta principalmente por gram?neas. D. maculatus foi mais abundante
no ver?o e outono, M. brachyurus lineatus, na primavera, outono e inverno e Astyanax sp foi
ausente somente na primavera. Os padr?es na estrutura da assembl?ia de peixes s?o, em maior
escala, primariamente resultado das respostas individuais das esp?cies ao gradiente ambiental
dominante, enquanto em menor escala, resultado das associa??es com o habitat.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:jspui/1207 |
| Date | 05 March 2009 |
| Creators | Neves, Leonardo Mitrano |
| Contributors | Ara?jo, Francisco Gerson, Monteiro Neto, Cassiano, Barletta, M?rio, Costa, Marcus Rodrigues da |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Biologia Animal, UFRRJ, Brasil, Instituto de Ci?ncias Biol?gicas |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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