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Previous issue date: 2013 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / A fitorremedia??o, que ? um processo de extra??o de elementos potencialmente t?xicos atrav?s da utiliza??o de plantas, tem se mostrado um m?todo promissor. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar em gram?neas forrageiras a absor??o, o ac?mulo e a toler?ncia ao chumbo (Pb), cultivadas em solo Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distr?fico e solu??o nutritiva, e avaliar a disponibilidade de Pb pelos m?todos de extra??o Mehlich 1, DTPA pH 7,3, USEPA 3051 e 3052 nas amostras de solos. Instalaram-se os experimentos em condi??es de casa de vegeta??o do Departamento de Agronomia da Faculdade de Ci?ncias Agr?rias da UFVJM, Diamantina (MG). Foram avaliadas as forrageiras: Panicum maximum cv. Aruana e cv. Tanz?nia; Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk; Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xara?s e cv. Marandu, e doses de Pb em solu??o nutritiva de 0, 40, 120, e 360 mg L-1 e em solo de 0, 45, 90 e 270 mg kg-1. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repeti??es e per?odo experimental de 90 dias, em ambos os experimentos. Determinaram-se a massa seca e os teores de Pb na parte a?rea, coleto e ra?zes das forrageiras. Os conte?dos de Pb foram calculados com base nos teores e nas produ??es de massa seca em cada parte da planta. Para aferi??o do teor de Pb no solo foram utilizados os extratores Mehlich 1, DTPA pH 7,3 para teor dispon?vel, teor semitotal - USEPA 3051 e teor total - USEPA 3052. As forrageiras estudadas reduziram o crescimento com aumento das doses de Pb aplicadas, tanto na solu??o nutritiva quanto no solo, configurando a fitotoxidade do Pb nessas plantas. Por?m, a suscetibilidade foi diferenciada entre os experimentos, sendo que, na solu??o nutritiva, as cultivares Marandu e Basilisk foram mais promissoras para a fitorremedia??o, devido a menor influ?ncia do Pb em seus crescimentos relativos, enquanto no solo a cv. Basilisk apresentou maior toler?ncia ao elemento t?xico em rela??o ?s demais forrageiras. Em ambos os experimentos, o teor de Pb nas forrageiras aumentou com as doses crescentes de Pb. Entretanto, a presen?a de Pb nas duas condi??es de cultivo fez com que o ac?mulo e ?ndice de transloca??o nas diferentes partes da planta apresentassem respostas diferenciadas para as forrageiras. N?o houve correla??o entre o crescimento das forrageiras com a avalia??o do Pb no solo pelos m?todos de extra??o Mehlich e DTPA pH 7,3, indicando a inefici?ncia destes quanto a fitodisponibiliza??o do Pb. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013. / ABSTRACT Phytoremediation, which is a process of extracting potentially toxic elements through the use of plants, has shown to be a promising method. The objective of this project was to evaluate in forage grasses the absorption, accumulation and tolerance to lead (Pb) in dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol soil and nutrient solution, and to evaluate the availability of Pb through extraction methods Mehlich 1, DTPA pH 7.3, USEPA 3051 and 3052 in samples soil. The experiments were settled under conditions of a greenhouse in the Department of Agronomy of the College of Agricultural Sciences of the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, (UFVJM), Diamantina (MG). The forages Panicum maximum cv. Aruana and cv. Tanz?nia and Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xara?s and cv. Marandu and four rates of Pb in nutrient solution of 0, 40, 120, and 360 mg L-1 and in soil of 0, 45, 90 e 270 mg kg-1, have been evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications, and a trial period of 90 days in both experiments. The dry weight and concentration of Pb in the shoot, in the stem base and roots of forages were assessed. The contents of Pb were calculated based on the amounts and on the production of dry mass in each part of the plant. In the case of the soil experiment, to measure the levels of Pb were used Mehlich 1, DTPA pH 7,3 for available content; semi total content - USEPA 3051 and total content - USEPA 3052. The forages studied reduced growth when increasing rates of Pb were applied, both in the nutrient solution and on the soil, setting the phytotoxicity of Pb in these plants. However the susceptibility was different for the experiments, because in the nutrient solution, the Marandu and Basilisk forages proved to be promising for phytoremediation because of the lowering influence of Pb for the last one mentioned and the higher accumulation of metal for the first one, while on the soil the forage Basilisk did better than the other, proving to be more tolerant to the toxic element. In both experiments (soil and nutrient solution) the Pb content in the forage increased due to increasing rates of Pb. However, the presence of Pb in the cultivation conditions has made the accumulation and translocation index in different parts of the plants to respond differently to the forages. There was not correlation between the forage growth with the admeasurement of Pb in soil by extraction methods DTPA pH 7,3 e Mehlich 1, proving the inefficiency of the same for the phytoavailability of Pb.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui:1/584 |
| Date | 08 February 2013 |
| Creators | Nascimento, Sandra Silva do |
| Contributors | Silva, Enilson de Barros, Grazziotti, Paulo Henrique, Alleoni, Lu?s Reynaldo Ferracci?, Ribeiro, Karina Guimar?es, Silva, Enilson de Barros, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM) |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFVJM, instname:Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, instacron:UFVJM |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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