Introducción: La neumonía es la principal causa de muerte en niños menores de 5 años a nivel global y el 90% de sus casos se registran en países en vías de desarrollo. Determinar los factores asociados (FA) a casos severos (CS) y casos fatales (CF) de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) en niños menores de cinco años atendidos en el INSN entre los años 2013-2015 en lima Perú. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, analítico de casos y controles en pacientes atendidos en el INSN entre los años 2013 al 2015; el estudio se dividió en 2 sub-estudios, para determinar los factores asociados a casos fatales tenemos el denominado sub-estudio “A” y el denominado sub-estudio “B” para determinar los factores asociados a casos severos. Resultados: Los factores asociados a casos fatales en niños entre 1 a 59 meses con NAC atendidos en el INSN fueron: Tener una edad entre 1 a 5 meses (ORa=3.61, IC: 1.1-11.76), desnutrición aguda (ORa=3.74, IC: 1.1-12.63), tener consolidado multilobar (ORa=3.1, IC: 1.006-9.5) y tener consolidado en parche (ORa=0.17, IC: 0.057-0.5). Los factores asociados a casos severos fueron: Tener una edad entre 1 a 5 meses (ORa=0.28, IC: 0.18-0.55), ser pretérmino (ORa= 0.36, IC: 0.17-0.77), tener diarrea (ORa=0.36, IC: 0.15-0.87), que el cuidador tenga como grado de instrucción la secundaria (ORa= 2.43, IC: 1.36-4.35), negarse a comer (ORa= 3.84, IC: 1.14-12.84) y tener asma (ORa=10.66, IC: 1.11-102.3). Conclusiones: Los factores asociados a mortalidad identificados son: edad entre 1 a 5 meses, tener desnutrición aguda, tener consolidado multilobar. Los factores de riesgo para severidad son: grado de instrucción del cuidador secundaria, negarse a comer y tener asma. / Introduction: Pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age globally and 90% of its cases are registered in developing countries. To determine the factors associated (AF) to severe cases (SC) and fatal cases (CF) of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children under five years of age treated at the INSN between the years 2013-2015 in Lima, Peru. Materials and Methods: An observational, retrospective, analytical case-control study was carried out in patients treated at the INSN between 2013 and 2015; The study was divided into 2 sub-studies, to determine the factors associated with fatal cases we have the so-called “A” sub-study and the so-called “B” sub-study to determine the factors associated with severe cases. Results: The factors associated with fatal cases in children between 1 to 59 months with CAP treated at the INSN were: Being between 1 to 5 months old (ORa = 3.61, CI: 1.1-11.76), acute malnutrition (ORa = 3.74, CI: 1.1-12.63), have multilobar consolidated (ORa = 3.1, CI: 1.006-9.5) and have consolidated in patch (ORa = 0.17, CI: 0.057-0.5). The factors associated with severe cases were: Being between 1 and 5 months old (ORa = 0.28, CI: 0.18-0.55), being preterm (ORa = 0.36, CI: 0.17-0.77), having diarrhea (ORa = 0.36, CI : 0.15-0.87), that the caregiver has a secondary education grade (ORa = 2.43, IC: 1.36-4.35), refuse to eat (ORa = 3.84, IC: 1.14-12.84) and have asthma (ORa = 10.66, IC: 1.11-102.3). Conclusions: The factors associated with mortality identified are: age between 1 to 5 months, having acute malnutrition, having consolidated multilobar. Risk factors for severity are: secondary caregiver education level, refusal to eat, and asthma. / Tesis
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:PERUUPC/oai:repositorioacademico.upc.edu.pe:10757/658774 |
| Date | 03 August 2021 |
| Creators | Estremadoyro Gallardo, Alberto Martín |
| Contributors | Escalante-Kanashiro, Raffo |
| Publisher | Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), PE |
| Source Sets | Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC) |
| Language | Spanish |
| Detected Language | Spanish |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
| Format | application/pdf, application/epub, application/msword |
| Source | Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), Repositorio Académico - UPC |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess, Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ |
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