職業災害補償制度乃保護勞工之生命財產安全，而非以故意或過失為補償構成要件，制度目標為職災預防、勞工傷病補償以及災後勞工重建。各國政府長久致力於建構一套完善的職業災害補償制度，保護因工作災害導致傷病之勞工，補償損失並提供醫療支援，協助重返工作崗位維持穩定生活。澳大利亞為聯邦制國家，職業災害補償制度採地方分權主義，由各省立法管轄制度運作，聯邦政府的角色則為全國政策之指導與調和。職災補償以強制保險課以雇主保護照顧責任，勞動者依地區、身份之別，各別適用澳洲境內十種職業災害補償制度。地方政府依該省職災補償相關法規，設立職災補償局管理制度運作，職災保險則由政府或民營保險業者辦理，故澳洲各省間形成彼此獨立之職災補償體系。
隨著職災補償制度發展與勞動市場環境變遷，各省職業災害補償制度的異質性，逐漸影響制度辦理之成效，造成法律適用難度增加、勞工與雇主各省間差別對待、行政錯誤與詐領風險提高等問題。而新興工作型態勞動人數的增加亦衝擊制度管理，使得傳統定義下的適用對象，有擴增範圍及統一各省定義之必要。因此，未來澳洲職災補償制度之發展，聯邦政府應試圖以縮小省分間之差異性為政策方向，職災補償制度仍由地方管轄，惟應漸進式統一職災補償法令有關基本之定義範圍、福利架構、職災重建協助措施等，使全國各省的勞工職災補償制度具有整體一致性規範。此外，澳洲職災補償與安全衛生預防、災後重建三者間制度連結之特色，可作為台灣加強職災預防、重建之參考，包括職災保護法令單獨立法、宣導傷病管理計畫、相關機構整併與功能強化，健全我國職災補償事前防治機制及事後補償重建之完整性。 / The fundamental aim of workers’ compensation system is to protect labors’ right to survive in the Constitution, so it is not based on someone’s negligent and fault. Workers’ compensation system is set for preventing from occupational injury, compensating labors’ loss, and rehabilitation after the injuries. The worker’s compensation system of Commonwealth of Australia is governed by the territories while the federal government of Australia is in charge of making national policy and harmonizing state’s system. Workers’ compensation system requires most employers to insure against their statutory liability to compensate employees for work-related injury or illness. According to the district and state, there are ten workers’ compensation schemes in Australia. Workers’ compensation funding operates by government and authorized private insurance. Each state has its own workers’ compensation laws, and operates workers’ compensation arrangements independently.
As each jurisdiction has developed its own arrangements and transition of labor market environments, this has resulted in numerous inconsistencies and problems in the each jurisdiction’s include application of workers’ compensation laws, inequities in treatment to workers and employers, and increase risk of errors and fraud etc. The increase of precarious workers also impacts the system, so it is necessary to enhance and definite coverage of workers’ compensation scheme. Consequently, workers’ compensation system in Australia would be narrow inconsistencies of territories. The system is still governed by each of territory, however. There should be harmonized all of the definition, benefit structure, rehabilitation program etc, so that workers’ compensation system in Australia has a united rule to follow. Besides, the advantage of arrangement in Australia that integrates compensation with prevention and rehabilitation can be a model for Taiwan to enhance function of prevention and rehabilitation. Other suggestions are like integrating the laws related to occupational injury and compensation, encouraging injury management plan and enforcing role of insurer to fulfill function of prevention and rehabilitation of workers’ compensation in Taiwan.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0095262009 |
| Creators | 劉羽菁, Liu,Yu Ching |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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