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Previous issue date: 2014-09-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / As decis?es comportamentais de um animal n?o ocorrem de forma aleat?ria, uma vez
que os comportamentos s?o ajustados para garantir a sobreviv?ncia e a reprodu??o do
animal. Nesta pesquisa, examinei decis?es comportamentais no contexto de
forrageamento da formiga Dinoponera quadriceps com rela??o ? orienta??o, avalia??o
do alimento e din?mica do forrageio ao n?vel do indiv?duo. O estudo foi realizado no
Laborat?rio de Biologia Comportamental na UFRN e em uma ?rea de Mata Atl?ntica
secund?ria na FLONA-ICMBio de N?sia Floresta/RN. Em todas as observa??es e
experimentos as formigas foram marcadas individualmente com uma etiqueta, com
c?digo alfanum?rico, colada no t?rax. Na primeira parte do estudo analisei as pistas de
orienta??o utilizadas por D. quadriceps. Em um labirinto de 17 compartimentos testei
cada oper?ria forrageadora por 10 min em tr?s sess?es para seis tratamentos diferentes.
Os tratamentos consistiam da presen?a ou aus?ncia de odor e de marcas visuais
superiores ou frontais. As oper?rias demonstraram que a presen?a de odor ?
indispens?vel e que marcas visuais frontais s?o mais eficazes do que as visuais
superiores. Na segunda parte, investiguei a discrimina??o do alimento, considerando os
par?metros tamanho, peso e volume. Em um experimento de ?cafeteria?, disponibilizei
em uma placa de Petri, dentro de uma arena experimental de 1m?, peda?os de alimento
(mortadela) de forma cil?ndrica. Inicialmente, os peda?os eram de quatro tamanhos
diferentes; numa segunda etapa, os peda?os eram do mesmo tamanho, mas com peso
diferente; na ?ltima etapa, os peda?os tinham mesmo peso, mas volume diferente. O
resultado mostrou o efeito dos par?metros tamanho e peso para a escolha do alimento.
Na terceira parte do estudo, avaliei a influ?ncia da atividade das forrageadoras ativas
nas inativas. As col?nias foram observadas em ambiente natural. As observa??es
aconteciam em tr?s dias consecutivos por 10 vezes, total de 30 dias para cada col?nia,
12 horas/dia. No primeiro dia, eu observava a sa?da e entrada das oper?rias; no segundo
dia, foram retiradas as oper?rias mais ativas e devolvidas ao final das observa??es; no
terceiro dia, as observa??es eram similares ao primeiro dia. Como resultado, as
oper?rias de D. quadriceps realizam autoestimula??o e n?o facilita??o social e a col?nia
compensa a falta das oper?rias mais ativas. Com base no exposto, eu concluo que as
oper?rias de D. quadriceps usam pistas de orienta??o qu?mica e visual frontal e superior
nos seus deslocamentos. Elas discriminam o alimento escolhido por tamanho e peso. A
regula??o da din?mica de atividade das forrageadoras ? por autoestimula??o, uma
oper?ria ativa n?o influencia a atividade de uma forrageadora inativa, o sucesso da
busca pr?via ? um est?mulo para a pr?pria oper?ria bem sucedida continuar a atividade
de forrageio / The behavioral decisions of animals do not occur randomly, because behaviors are
adjusted to ensure the survival and reproduction of the animal. In this research, I
examined behavioral decisions in the foraging context of the ant Dinoponera
quadriceps with regard to orientation, food avaliation and foraging dynamic to
individual level. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Behavioral Biology at
UFRN and in an area of secondary Atlantic Forest in FLONA-ICMBio N?sia
Floresta/RN. In all observations and experiments, ants were marked individually with
an alphanumeric code label fixed on the thorax. In the first part of the study, I analyzed
the orientation cues used by D. quadriceps. The tests were performed in a maze of 17
compartments. Each forager was tested for 10 min in three sessions for six different
treatments. The treatments consisted of the presence or absence of odor and superior or
frontal visual cues. The workers demonstrated that the presence of odor is indispensable
and front visual cues are more effective than superior visual cues. In the second part, I
investigated the discrimination of food, considering the parameters, size, weight and
volume. In a 'cafeteria' experiment, I offered cylindrical pieces of food (mortadella) in a
Petri dish, within an experimental arena 1m?. Initially, the pieces were of four different
sizes; in a second step, the pieces were of the same size but with different weight; in the
last step, the pieces had the same weight but different volumes. The results showed the
effect of the size and weight parameters for food choice. In the third part of the study, I
evaluated the influence of the activity of active foragers on inactive ones. In this part,
the colonies were observed in a natural environment. The observations took place on
three consecutive days in 10 episodes, total of 30 days for each colony, 12 hours/day.
On the first day, I registered the output and input of workers; on the second day, the
most active ants on the first day were taken and given back at the end of the
observations; on the third day, the observations were similar to the first day. As a result,
the workers of D. quadriceps show autostimulation and they do not show social
facilitation and the colony compensates the absence of the most active workers. Based
on the stated, I conclude that workers of D. quadriceps use chemical, frontal and
superior visual orientation cues during their displacements. They discriminate the
chosen food by size and weight. The regulation of activity dynamics of foragers is by
autostimulation, an active worker does not influence the activity of an inactive worker,
the successful search previous is the stimulus to the successful worker itself to continue
foraging activity.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:repositorio.ufrn.br:123456789/19762 |
| Date | 30 September 2014 |
| Creators | Azevedo, Dina Lillia Oliveira de |
| Contributors | 31568769415, http://lattes.cnpq.br/8822052460371633, Hattori, Wallisen Tadashi, 02678159990, http://lattes.cnpq.br/9220912064138283, Bailez, Ana Maria Matoso Viana, 58409149672, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2873022302720839, Delabie, Jacques Hubert Charles, 41777085500, http://lattes.cnpq.br/8788146482053893, Ferreira, Ronara de Souza, 04659204626, http://lattes.cnpq.br/1038778628910246, Souza, Arrilton Ara?jo de |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM PSICOBIOLOGIA, UFRN, Brasil |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Source | reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFRN, instname:Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, instacron:UFRN |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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