Three saponin-rich extracts (20, 60, 100% methanol), four 100% methanol subfractions
and seven independently acquired fractions (A-G) from guar meal, Cyamopsis
tetragonoloba L. (syn. C. psoraloides), were evaluated for antimicrobial and hemolytic
activities. These activities were compared against quillaja bark (Quillaja saponaria),
yucca (Yucca schidigera), and soybean (Glycine max) saponins in 96-well plates using
eight concentrations (0.01 to 1.0 and 0.1 to 12.5 mg extract/mL). Initial guar meal
butanol extract was 4.8 ± 0.6% of the weight of original material dry matter (DM).
Butanol extract was purified by preparative reverse-phase C-18 chromatography. Two
fractions eluted with 20, and one each with 60, and 100% methanol with average yields
of 1.72 ± 0.47, 0.88 ± 0.16, 0.91 ± 0.16 and 1.55 ± 0.15% of DM, respectively. Further
purification of the 100% methanol fraction using normal-phase silica gel preparatory
high pressure liquid chromatography eluted 4 peaks at 16, 39, 44 and 46 min. Only the
100% methanol fraction, its 16 min peak, F and G fractions, and quillaja saponin,
exhibited both hemolytic and antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus,
Salmonella Typhimurium and E. coli, but 20 and 60% methanol fractions stimulated
Lactobacillus spp. growth. Guar meal (0 or 5%) was added to diets fed to chicks from 1 to 21 days of age. Chicks fed both diets were unchallenged or challenged with 5 x 103
Eimeria tenella sporulated oocysts at 10 days. Guar meal diets reduced oocysts shed per
gram of feces, body weight, and feed efficiency. Adding 2.5% guar meal, 1% guar gum,
or 0.125% saponin-rich guar meal extract to diets fed to chicks to 21 days of age showed
that guar meal increased the cfu concentrations of digesta more than controls following a
challenge with 107 cfu of Clostridium perfringens at 14 days. Body weights of chicks fed
guar meal and saponin-rich extract were significantly lower than control body weights at
21 days of age, whereas the weekly feed to gain ratio of chicks fed saponin-rich extract
was higher than controls. Guar meal reduced severity of Eimeria tenella infection and
guar saponin-rich extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against several common
poultry pathogens.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:tamu.edu/oai:repository.tamu.edu:1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2791 |
| Date | 15 May 2009 |
| Creators | Hassan, Sherif Mohamed |
| Contributors | Cartwright, Aubrey L. |
| Source Sets | Texas A and M University |
| Language | en_US |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | Book, Thesis, Electronic Dissertation, text |
| Format | electronic, application/pdf, born digital |
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