隨著全球化經濟時代的來臨，台灣不可避免的將處於一個大競爭之環境中，為提高競爭力並降低營運成本，於是中小企業，甚至大型企業紛紛精簡人事成本及大幅裁員，或僅保留行政中心部門，而將生產線完全外部化（外包或廠外委託加工）。在台灣，外包制度等廠外勞動絕不僅是扮演企業生產的輔助性角色，其對於台灣經濟成長具有絕對地貢獻。外包制度中的勞工雖提供本身僅有的勞動力供企業使用，但往往因被視為次級勞動力市場之勞工，無法立於初級勞動力市場之勞工地位而享有勞動法的保障，不論其勞動報酬或工作條件通常低於從事類似性質工作的初級勞動力市場之勞工（歧視待遇）。
外包與代工依照傳統民法與現存勞動法的見解，應該屬於承攬契約的一種，而言典型的雇傭契約。所以現存理論上，從事代工與外包之承攬人與發包人（定作人）間的關係僅為承攬之關係，並非雇用關係，自然也不得享有勞動法中勞工之特殊保障。但在台灣社會社世界趨勢，是否即可簡單地聲稱該承攬人並非該定作人之受雇人，所以不受勞動法之涵蓋，該發包人（定作人）可以完全免除對於承攬人之社會義務呢？顯然ILO並不同意如此看法，國際勞動總署（International Labour Office）在1997年第85會期便對此議題進行討論並做成關於承攬勞動之具體的提案公約（以下稱承攬勞動公約）與提案建議書。雖然各會員國質疑ILO之承攬勞動公約是否在獨立承攬人的與傳統受雇人間成立第三種種類的勞工？承攬勞工是否享有完全的受雇人保障？使用人事業單位與承攬勞工之關係如何？此提案公約是否過度地侵犯了傳統商業之領域而影響了契約自由與經營選擇權的自由？但就勞工保護之目的言，ILO之承攬勞動公約及建議書僅係披露日漸增加的類雇用關係之承攬，而建立起一套遊戲規則。
雖然承攬勞動公約及建議書迄今尚未正式通過，但藉由對於公約及建議書內容之分析探討，應可以瞭解未來勞動力市場之趨勢及ILO的期待，最後透過本國法律體系與司法實務的分析，提出公約適用上可能的問題並促進所謂「承攬勞工」之保障。 / The first discussion of the question of contract labour took place at the 85th Session (1997) of the International Labour Conference. The International Labour Office prepared and communicated to the governments of member States a report containing a proposed Convention and a proposed Recommendation concerning contract labour, based on the conclusions adopted by the Conference at its 85thSession.based on this proposal text, named "Contract Labour Convention" and "Contract Labour Recommendation", "contract labour" was defined as "work performed for a natural or legal person (referred to as a "user enterprise") by a person (referred to as a "contract worker") where the work is performed by the worker personally under actual conditions of dependency on or subordination to the user enterprise and these conditions are similar to those that characterize an employment relationship under national law and practice and where either: (1) the work is performed pursuant to a direct contractual arrangement between the worker and the user enterprise; or (2) the worker is provided for the user enterprise by a subcontractor or an intermediary", resembling a specific relationship between "contract of service" and "contract for service". But the amendments or comments from member government of ILO were very complicated and strict, main confusion as follow: will the proposal Convention result in a brand new type of workers or "third category" of workers out of independent contractor and traditional employee? Will so called "contract worker" entitle to be covered by labour law and enjoy full employee''s right? Will an ILO instrument that deals with matters outside the direct employment relationship be inconsistent with current commercial law and practice and the policy of reducing the regulatory burden on business or improving employment opportunities? Would Contract labour be an extremely broad and complicated issue?
Although lots of member governments took a oppositive position, but for the purpose of worker protection, "Contract Labour Convention" set up a new equal playing rule, might be too advanced but would be helpful and just. Although "Contract Labour Convention" still didn''t be approved by ILC, but through analyzing and discussing the proposal Convention text, we would realize the trend of future labour market and the expectancy of ILO. After analyzing national law structure and judgments of court and finding the inconsistent with proposal Convention, we would work out the problems and improve the protection of so-called "contract worker".
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G91NCCU5992012 |
| Creators | 陳聖聰, San-Trung Chen |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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