數位時代社群媒體的應用，大大改寫媒體生態，21世紀初接連發生在北非、中東的抗議活動，Facebook、Twitter等社群媒體更發揮重要傳播作用，甚至成為政治運動的催化劑，國內外各大新聞組織也開始將這些被社交媒體平台大量分享、轉發的用戶生成內容 (UGC, User-generated content)重製後進行傳播，尤其是發生抗爭等社會運動、人為或意外現場等事件，因為時效性的關係，記者不能第一時間趕到，目擊者手機拍攝的影片或現場監視錄影器的畫面，往往成為重要新聞素材。
對於國內外新聞組織尤其是電視台來說，動態影片更同時具有吸引力與新聞說服力，新聞機構如何使用UGC資源，及其日漸普及的趨勢，則同時引發正反兩方意見，除了樂見其協助社會問題發聲，擴展公民參與，甚至打破新聞編輯室權威，讓媒體更加民主化之外；另方面卻也擔心降低新聞標準，尤其截稿時間，更增加電視台新聞記者判斷影片真偽的求證壓力，過度使用也可能造成媒體過度依賴社群媒體資源，瑣碎化的UGC甚至戕害新聞公共領域的發展。
本研究試圖剖析電視新聞使用來自目擊者或網友的第三方影音素材(TPV, third party video)的頻率與原因，研究分成兩步驟，首先選舉一家地面電視台一個月的prime time新聞，作為研究樣本，進行內容分析，以量化研究分析電視新聞如何應用TPV素材，研究樣本數共1825則；同時以質化研究中的深度訪談，訪問該電視台的文字、攝影記者，以及新聞室負責調度的大編輯台主管與編輯共九人，透過量化與質化的研究方法，來探究電視台採用TPV素材的動機、意願、標準與目的。 / The media ecology has been rewritten to a great extent by the application of social media in the digital age. In the 21st century, social media has even become a catalyst of social movements as Facebook and Twitter play an important role in disseminating the news on protests which commonly take place in North Africa and the Middle East. In fact, large news organizations at home and abroad have begun to reproduce and broadcast User-generated contents (UGC) that are greatly shared and forwarded on the social media. This applies especially to incidents such as social movements, including protests, and accidents. The video taken by an eye-witness’ mobile phone or the recording of an on-site surveillance camera has often become important news material due to timeliness of the news and the fact that reporters cannot arrive at the scene on time.
According to foreign and domestic news agencies, especially TV stations, video is both appealing and persuasive as news materials. The growing popularity of UGC and the approach to make use of such resources have led the emergence of positive and negative viewpoints. It would be delightful to see the voicing-out of social problems through UGC since it could increase citizen participation. UGC could even lead to a breakthrough from pressroom authority, thus creating a more democratic media. However, UGC could also lower the news standard especially when there’s a deadline to meet. Furthermore, it could pile pressure on news reporters as they try to determine the authenticity of the video. The excessive use of UGC could lead to the media’s over-reliance on social media resources. The fragmentary nature of UGC could also be harmful to the development of news media at the public domain.
The study attempted to analyze the purpose behind a TV station’s adoption of eyewitness/netizen-provided third-party video (TPV), as well as its frequency of use. The study was divided into two steps. First, research samples for content analysis were collected through a selection of one month’s worth of news reports that were broadcasted by a terrestrial station at prime time. A total of 1825 samples were studied through quantitative research and analysis with regard to the application of TPV by TV news. At the same time, in order to explore a TV station’s motivation, willingness, standard and the purpose in applying TPV, qualitative research was conducted through an in-depth interview with nine representatives from the TV station. This group included journalists, cameramen, editors and seniors who were responsible for ordering daily news in the Newsrooms.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0100941013 |
| Creators | 林佳慧, Lin, Chia Hui |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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