CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar diferentes tÃcnicas de superaÃÃo de dormÃncia, o comportamento germinativo sob condiÃÃes salinas e de dÃficit hÃdrico, o desenvolvimento de plÃntulas submetidas a diferentes potenciais de solutos com NaCl e relacionar as condiÃÃes estressantes com a mobilizaÃÃo de reservas cotiledonares em plÃntulas de copaÃba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.). Os tratamentos de superaÃÃo de dormÃncia constituÃram-se de imersÃes em Ãgua/24, 48 e 72 h; Ãgua quente, 50, 75 ÂC e fervente/10, 15 e 20 min, em H2SO4 (98,08)/15, 30 e 60 min e controle. Para as condiÃÃes estressantes, as sementes foram imersas em 100 mL de soluÃÃo de NaCl ou de PEG 6.000 com potenciais de solutos: [0,0 -0,2, -0,4, -0,6, -0,8 e -1,0 MPa]. Avaliaram-se a embebiÃÃo (durante 168 h), percentagem de germinaÃÃo (%G) Ãndice de velocidade de germinaÃÃo (IVG) e tempo mÃdio de germinaÃÃo (TMG). Para a mobilizaÃÃo das reservas, os tratamentos foram os mesmos potencias de solutos com NaCl. A semeadura foi em papel germitest e a germinaÃÃo em cÃmara do tipo BOD a 25 ÂC com fotoperÃodo de 12 horas, com cinco repetiÃÃes de 25 sementes por tratamento. Os estudos dos efeitos do NaCl nas plÃntulas de copaÃba fez-se em trÃs estÃdios de desenvolvimento: ED 1 (raiz com 5Â2 cm); ED 2 (emissÃo dos protÃfilos) e ED 3 (protÃfilos expandidos), Quinze plÃntulas por repetiÃÃo foram separadas em cotilÃdones e eixos embrionÃrios. Quantificaram-se a massa seca dos cotilÃdones e dos eixos embrionÃrios, os teores de lipÃdios, proteÃnas, amido, aÃÃcares solÃveis, aminoÃcidos e Ãons Na+, K+ e Cl-. Avaliaram-se as atividades das enzimas: lipase, liase do isocitrato, sintase do malato, α e β-amilases e fosforilase do amido nos cotilÃdones de plÃntulas cultivadas em Ãgua destilada e em soluÃÃes de NaCl com potenciais de solutos de 0,0, -0,4 e -0,8 MPa. A imersÃo das sementes de copaÃba em Ãcido sulfÃrico concentrado/60min à eficiente para embebiÃÃo e superaÃÃo da dormÃncia. O PEG 6.000 e o NaCl atrasam a embebiÃÃo. Nas condiÃÃes estressantes, o NaCl -1,0 MPa nÃo influencia no %G, mas, aumenta oIVG e reduz o TMG a partir do potencial de soluto de -0,6, MPa. O PEG reduz o %G a partir de -0,8 MPa com maior efeito no IVG e TMG, do que NaCl. Sementes de copaÃba possuem 42% de lipÃdios, principal reserva. O potencial de soluto de -0,8 MPa inibe a mobilizaÃÃo de reservas e aumenta os teores de Ãons Na+ e Cl- nos cotilÃdones e eixos embrionÃrios de sementes de copaÃba. A inibiÃÃo da mobilizaÃÃo das reservas causada pelo sal aumenta os teores de aÃÃcares solÃveis nos cotilÃdones e inibe o crescimento das plÃntulas. As sementes de copaÃba apresentam forte resistÃncia à entrada de Ãgua, a qual pode ser anulada com imersÃo em Ãcido sulfÃrico concentrado por 60 min. Para o %G, as sementes testadas sÃo tolerantes ao NaCl em -1,0 MPa e intolerantes ao PEG em
potenciais de solutos equivalentes. A germinaÃÃo à menos sensÃvel ao NaCl do que a fase de plÃntula. O NaCl em potenciais de solutos abaixo de -0,4 MPa reduzem o crescimento e desenvolvimento inicial de plÃntulas de copaÃba. As atividades das enzimas do metabolismo dos lipÃdios e do amido sÃo inibidas com o aumento da salinidade. / The objective of this research was to evaluate different techniques for breaking dormancy, the germination under saline conditions and drought, the development of seedlings subjected to different potentials of solutes and NaCl stress conditions relate to the cotyledonary reserve mobilization in seedlings Copaifera langsdorffii. The treatments of over come consisted of immersion in water/24, 48 and 72 h, hot water, 50, 75 C and boiling water/10â, 15â and 20â and H2SO4 (98,08%)/15, 30â and 60â min and control. For stress conditions, the seeds were immersed in 100 ml of NaCl or PEG 6000 with a potential of the solute, [0,0 (control), -0,2, -0,4, -0,6, -0,8 and -1,0 MPa]. The water absorption, was evaluated (168 h) germination percentage (G%), germination speed index (GSI) and mean germination time (MGT). For the mobilization of the reserves were used as the same solute potential with NaCl above. Sowing was on paper germitest and germination in a germination chamber of the BOD at 25 ÂC and photoperiod of 12 h, consisting of five replicates of 25 seeds per treatment. Studies of the effects of NaCl was done in three stages of developing an ED (radicle with 5  2 cm) ED 2 (issuing protophilus) and ED 3 (protophilus expanded), taking as reference quiescent seeds (DE 0). 15 seedlings per replicate were separated into cotyledons and axis. Quantified the dry mass of cotyledons and axis, the levels of lipids, proteins, starch, soluble sugars, amino acids and Na+, K+ and Cl-. We evaluated the activities of enzymes: lipase, the isocitrate lyase, malate synthase, α and β-amylases and starch phosphorylase in the cotyledons of seedlings grown in distilled water and in NaCl solutions with solute potential of -0,4 and -0,8 MPa. The water absorption by seeds copaiba was higher and faster in the treatments with boiling water and sulfuric acid. The PEG 6000 and NaCl delayed the time of soaking, Overall, the immersion in H2SO4 performed best in breaking dormancy. In stressful conditions, NaCl had no influence on %G, however, reduced the (IVG) and increased the TMG, the solute potential of -0,6, -0,8 and -1,0 MPa. PEG reduced the %G in solute potential of -0,8 and -1,0 MPa and had a greater effect on IVG and TMG, compared with NaCl. The seeds were quiescent lipids as the main reserve. The increase in salinity inhibited the mobilization of reserves in the cotyledons of the seeds, especially in the solute potential of -0,8 and -1,0 MPa and increasing the concentrations of Na+ and Cl- in the embryonic axis and cotyledons. Inhibition of the mobilization of reserves caused by salt provided an increase in soluble sugars in the cotyledons, this effect inhibited the growth and seedling development. The activities of enzymes in the metabolism of lipids and of starch phosphorylase were significantly inhibited with increasing salinity, with more effectively inhibited the enzymes of lipid metabolism. The
seeds have a strong resist entry of water, the immersion of the seed in concentrated sulfuric acid for 60â is effective to remove the barrier. For %G, the copaiba seeds under conditions that were tested are NaCl-tolerant and intolerant to PEG. The germination is less sensitive than the NaCl seedling stage. The NaCl in solute potential below -0,4 MPa negatively affects the growth and early development of seedlings of copaiba
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:www.teses.ufc.br:5228 |
| Date | 09 April 2012 |
| Creators | Manoel Silva Amaro |
| Contributors | Joaquim Eneas Filho, EnÃas Gomes Filho, Alexandre Bosco de Oliveira, SebastiÃo Medeiros Filho, Riselane de Lucena AlcÃntara |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal do CearÃ, Programa de PÃs-GraduaÃÃo em Agronomia/Fitotecnia, UFC, BR |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFC, instname:Universidade Federal do Ceará, instacron:UFC |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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