我國自2000年土污法公布施行以來，至今(2012年)已逾12年，但綜觀環保署之國內場址列管情形統計資料可知，目前我國正面臨污染土地整治推動遲緩的問題。整理國內外相關文獻可知污染土地整治有其必要性，其原因在於如果污染土地持續閒置且不整治重新利用，不僅導致污染土地所造成的問題無法解決，另一方面也會使污染土地因整治而帶來的效益無從實現。而污染土地整治遲緩可能來自污染土地市場存在外部性難以內部化的情形，因此如何解決市場失靈之現象為其關鍵所在。
國外解決污染土地市場失靈的作法，主要分為「誘因給予」與「處罰」二大方式。本研究進一步將其概念透過問卷調查與實際訪談之方式，探討我國污染土地地主及承租人於整治污染土地實務上所面臨的困難，及對促進污染土地再利用相關作法之看法。
實證結果顯示，整治污染土地所面臨的最主要困難為整治經費過高、環境顧問公司市場混亂。於促進污染土地整治再利用的作法上，絕大多數地主及承租人偏好誘因給予方式，例如補助整治經費與減免相關稅負；相對地，較不贊成處罰方式，其原因在於增加財務負擔可能提高污染行為人放棄整治的風險，進而阻礙污染土地的整治再利用。此外，公開污染土地相關資訊供污染行為人參考、引進環境保險相關制度等作法，對未來污染土地整治之推行亦有極大助益。
從實證結果進一步歸納可知影響污染土地整治的因素包含「個別因素」與「總體因素」，並將其發展出一套污染土地分類模式。實際應用我國污染土地統計資料於該模式可知，放棄整治此類型的土地占我國污染土地總面積相當低之比例。因此，政府如能有效推動全面性基礎制度的建置，並搭配相關作法，我國在污染土地的整治推行上應能達到不錯之成效。 / It has been over 12 years since the announcement of Soil and Groundwater Act in year 2000 in Taiwan. However, statistics revealed by the Environmental Protection Administration suggests that the progress of remediation of contaminated land is far from satisfactory. A number of studies have pointed out that if contaminated land continues to be idle, not only can contamination not be solved, but also benefits resulting from remediation are lost. The market for contaminated land suffers from the external effects that in turn lead to a slow pace of remediation. Therefore, how to solve the problem of market failure is the key to promotion of reusing contaminated land.
There are two major approaches to alleviating the problems of market failure for contaminated land; they are incentives and liabilities, respectively. In this study, we investigate into landowners and tenants of contaminated land through questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. We intend to discover the difficulties they have encountered in practice and also their views in respect of the approaches that might stimulate the reuse of contaminated land. Empirical results show that the primary difficulties on remediation are the excessive costs and dissatisfactory service of environmental consulting firms. Besides, among the alternative approaches that are expected to accelerate remediation, interviewees tend to prefer incentives over liabilities. They argue that if the government imposes liabilities upon landowners and tenants, their possibility of giving up remediation will be raised. Furthermore, supply of more complete information and introduction of environmental insurance are thought to be able to facilitate remediation in the future.
Overall, the empirical evidence highlights a number of contributing factors to an effective remediation. To take a step further, we develop a model to classify the contaminated land in terms of their characteristics such as location, land values…etc. Application of this classification model to two cities suggests that contaminated land that needs direct governmental subsidy only accounts for a small proportion of the total contaminated areas. As a result, we urge the government to establish a platform to provide comprehensive and transparent information. This information platform shall be able to significantly improve the progress of remediation of contaminated land largely through the reinstatement of market mechanism.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0099257017 |
| Creators | 邱建頴, Chiu, Chien Ying |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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