我國自2000年土污法公布施行以來，至今(2012年)已逾12年，但綜觀環保署之國內場址列管情形統計資料可知，目前我國正面臨污染土地整治推動遲緩的問題。整理國內外相關文獻可知污染土地整治有其必要性，其原因在於如果污染土地持續閒置且不整治重新利用，不僅導致污染土地所造成的問題無法解決，另一方面也會使污染土地因整治而帶來的效益無從實現。而污染土地整治遲緩可能來自污染土地市場存在外部性難以內部化的情形，因此如何解決市場失靈之現象為其關鍵所在。 國外解決污染土地市場失靈的作法，主要分為「誘因給予」與「處罰」二大方式。本研究進一步將其概念透過問卷調查與實際訪談之方式，探討我國污染土地地主及承租人於整治污染土地實務上所面臨的困難，及對促進污染土地再利用相關作法之看法。 實證結果顯示，整治污染土地所面臨的最主要困難為整治經費過高、環境顧問公司市場混亂。於促進污染土地整治再利用的作法上，絕大多數地主及承租人偏好誘因給予方式，例如補助整治經費與減免相關稅負；相對地，較不贊成處罰方式，其原因在於增加財務負擔可能提高污染行為人放棄整治的風險，進而阻礙污染土地的整治再利用。此外，公開污染土地相關資訊供污染行為人參考、引進環境保險相關制度等作法，對未來污染土地整治之推行亦有極大助益。 從實證結果進一步歸納可知影響污染土地整治的因素包含「個別因素」與「總體因素」，並將其發展出一套污染土地分類模式。實際應用我國污染土地統計資料於該模式可知，放棄整治此類型的土地占我國污染土地總面積相當低之比例。因此，政府如能有效推動全面性基礎制度的建置，並搭配相關作法，我國在污染土地的整治推行上應能達到不錯之成效。 / It has been over 12 years since the announcement of Soil and Groundwater Act in year 2000 in Taiwan. However, statistics revealed by the Environmental Protection Administration suggests that the progress of remediation of contaminated land is far from satisfactory. A number of studies have pointed out that if contaminated land continues to be idle, not only can contamination not be solved, but also benefits resulting from remediation are lost. The market for contaminated land suffers from the external effects that in turn lead to a slow pace of remediation. Therefore, how to solve the problem of market failure is the key to promotion of reusing contaminated land. There are two major approaches to alleviating the problems of market failure for contaminated land; they are incentives and liabilities, respectively. In this study, we investigate into landowners and tenants of contaminated land through questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. We intend to discover the difficulties they have encountered in practice and also their views in respect of the approaches that might stimulate the reuse of contaminated land. Empirical results show that the primary difficulties on remediation are the excessive costs and dissatisfactory service of environmental consulting firms. Besides, among the alternative approaches that are expected to accelerate remediation, interviewees tend to prefer incentives over liabilities. They argue that if the government imposes liabilities upon landowners and tenants, their possibility of giving up remediation will be raised. Furthermore, supply of more complete information and introduction of environmental insurance are thought to be able to facilitate remediation in the future. Overall, the empirical evidence highlights a number of contributing factors to an effective remediation. To take a step further, we develop a model to classify the contaminated land in terms of their characteristics such as location, land values…etc. Application of this classification model to two cities suggests that contaminated land that needs direct governmental subsidy only accounts for a small proportion of the total contaminated areas. As a result, we urge the government to establish a platform to provide comprehensive and transparent information. This information platform shall be able to significantly improve the progress of remediation of contaminated land largely through the reinstatement of market mechanism.

筆者於擔任環境保護署土壤及地下水污染整治基金管理委員會組長之過程中，因土壤及地下水污染整治法責任議題未能清晰於環境作用法中明確規範其範疇，致使被論列污染行為人之責任分擔產生公平性上之危機，亦深切感受到，執法過程諸多窒礙。本諸職責所在，於民國93年起開始著手研議土壤及地下水污染整治法修正草案，並辦理研商、座談與公聽會議，廣納各界意見，終於於99年1月8日完成二、三讀之程序，並於99年2月3日由總統公布施行。亦將過程中所收集到之資料，由實務及理論之角度切入探討現階段之實務困難以及學理上各國之理論納入可能性分析，再進而闡出落實受污染土地整治再開發之必要以及提出相關配套之修法建議，完成本論文。本論文共分六章，第一章緒論：主要交代研究動機、目的、範圍與方法，第二章為環境權之論述：由該權限發展之歷程、各國立法例之參酌以及我國實務上案例中附近居民及環保團體之主張，確認環境權存在之價值。第三章為國家對於環保之憲法義務：第四章為受污染土地再利用法制上之研析：針對國外立法例之褐地制度及規範統合成國內未來得以參酌之制度，第五章為我國受污染土地行政管制規定及相關問題之說明：除將土壤及地下水污染整治法行政管制之手段逐一作說明外，探討違反責任之論述，區隔狀態責任以及行為責任，並且援引國外立法例及我國實務上之判決釐清及說明責任歸屬，第六章為結論。