一胎化政策起始於1978年，在改革開放政策的年代，作為一項跨時代的政策，它改變了中國人口、社會的發展，也撤徹底底的改變了中國婦女的生命面貌。政策的出發點是為了國家的需求，中共宣稱，一胎化政策不但可以解決中國社會沈重的人口壓力，也可以使婦女藉由降低再生產壓力而投入生產，從而提昇婦女地位。表面上看起來，國家發展需求與重視女性地位的性別意識型態需求在一胎化政策中得到很好的理論結合。
但是當我們進一步檢視這些政策時，卻發現有許多規定存在著矛盾之處，也許再生產和生產之間的關聯並不是這麼簡單的加減問題，政策中所呈現的婦女與國家關係也不如想見的客觀中立，在許多政策無法顧及或自圓其說之處，傳統的父權觀點隱隱然出現在政策的判準中發揮影響。本文企圖自女性主義立場論的觀點出發，以國家生物性發展需求、性別意識型態需求與文化上的父權需求這三股力量，討論一胎化政策中的矛盾與不協調性。發現在一胎化政策中存在著一個邏輯，它希望藉由婦女再生產的降低促進婦女進入公領域的生產，並進而提高婦女地位，如此一來，一胎化政策推行時所面臨到的性別選擇性問題也將因婦女地位提高而達到解決，即便是政策面臨到父權障礙時也是依循這樣的邏輯繼續進行。然而，這種以經濟角度出發的論述其實是一方面是以男性的標準判定性別的生育偏好來自於女性的生產力不足，另外一方面則窄化了再生產的意義，將再生產只等同於生育，忽略了婦女在私領域中所負擔的家務勞動以及人口撫養。國家自認為中立，藉由胎兒性別檢定的禁止將性別選擇性生育的責任移轉到個別的家庭，並且在生產力的論述上將偏好生育的問題本質化，而父權的壓力也至此被零碎化、個別化，成為個別婦女與家庭必須獨自面對的困境。這種過度將經濟與女性地位相聯繫的論述形成中共一胎化政策中一種自相矛盾的說法，無論中共多麼強調對於性別的重視與敏感，但這種矛盾若沒有進一步的解決與釐清，終將成為國家邁向性別主流化發展的障礙。 / One child policy have begin in 1978, in the era of reform and opening to the outside world, it have change the Chinese population, development of the society, and the life of Chinese women in the bottom completely. The starting point of the policy is for the demand of the country, the Communist Party of China declares, one child policy can solve Chinese society in population pressure ,also can make woman by is it produce and then pressure and put into production to reduce, thus promote the woman status . Seem on the surface, it have combined well in the One Child Policy and sex ideology demand that the country develops the demand and pays attention to women's status.
But when we look over these policies further, it have a lot of regulation have contradictory place to find, perhaps it’s not such simple question of production and reproduction, the relationship between women and the state is not so good as the objective neutrality wanted to see in the policy, in the place where a lot of policies can't be taken into account or justified oneself, the traditional patriarchy view gives play to in the declaring accurate of the policy to influence indistinctly and rightly. This text attempts take the view of Standpoint Theory, discuss the contradiction and harmony in One Child Policy in three ways: country development, sex ideology and patriarchy in culture.There is a logic in the One Child Policy , it hopes to promote women to enter production of the public field with the reducing of the woman reproduction, improve woman status, thus,the sex selective birth would be solve by improving women status.
However, this kind of argument is actually judging women’s production with the male standard , in the other hand, it is insufficient to explain the meaning of reproduction, only equates the reproduction with bearing, have neglected the house work and population that women bear in the private field.The country stand neutrality and transfer the responsibility that the sex selective birth to the specific family , and the pressure of the patriarchy is melted individually, become the predicament that specific woman and family must face alone.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:CHENGCHI/G0922600111 |
| Creators | 趙文瑾 |
| Publisher | 國立政治大學 |
| Source Sets | National Chengchi University Libraries |
| Language | 中文 |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | text |
| Rights | Copyright © nccu library on behalf of the copyright holders |
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