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Previous issue date: 2016-09-06 / CNPq / The dissertation focuses on conflicts and disputes about the sanitary (il)legalization of artisanal raw milk cheese in the state of Minas Gerais, which have become stronger since the 1990?s. It shows how State apparatus, laws, rules and regulations conceived with the aim of protecting the health of the population and usually presented as neutral and scientific end up, through various and complex ways, serving as instruments to establish barriers to entry amidst the disputes on dairy products? markets. The sanitary regulation of artisanal cheese is analyzed as a part of a process of progressive governamentalization of the State, which favors industrial, large-scale patterns of production, processing and distribution of food. The need to pasteurize and the minimum time for ripening are in the core of the debates and of the international regulations (Codex Alimentarius). In the case in focus, the legitimization of sanitary regulation is achieved by means of standards of ?quality?, ?risk?, and ?food safety? based in laboratory exams that search for the presence, in levels higher than legally permitted, of two groups of microorganisms (faecal coliforms and Staphiylococcus aureus), leading to the legal classification as ?improper for human consumption?. This conflicts with the population?s perception of these cheeses as a tasty and safe food, part of the cultural identity of people from Minas Gerais. As cheese is an essentially ?living? product, that may have ?bad? microorganisms but also has ?good? microorganisms that are responsible for unique characteristics of flavor and texture, sanitary rules based on industrial criteria are in conflict with traditional ways of producing and consuming cheese. Thus, illegalization processes lead to reactions, such as looking for possibilities of legalization amidst legal and institutional tangles that are ever more complex and permit the inclusion of only a minority of cheese-producing families. The majority of these families remain informal, which is increasingly constructed as illegal. Fieldwork was done in two municipalities in the region of the cheese known as Canastra, and the analysis points to a set of elements enabling people to remain in cheese-related activities, both as producers and as traders, in forms that are culturally established as part of a way of life and that ensure the families? social reproduction and their resiliency in face of external pressures. The study of this case thus brings forth more general issues about the relation between State, Law, Science and markets, and about their relation with peasant populations. It also discusses hegemonic notions of risk concerning health and food, and its effects on the way of life of peasant populations and on the consumers? possibilities of choice. / A tese aborda os conflitos e disputas em torno da (i)legaliza??o sanit?ria dos queijos artesanais de leite cru em Minas Gerais, que se acentuam ap?s a d?cada de 1990. Aponta como aparatos estatais, leis, normas e regulamentos, criados tendo como objetivo a defesa da sa?de da popula??o e normalmente apresentados como neutros e cient?ficos, por caminhos m?ltiplos e complexos acabam servindo como instrumentos para a cria??o de barreiras ? entrada em disputas por mercados de produtos l?cteos. A regula??o sanit?ria dos queijos artesanais ? analisada como parte de um processo de progressiva governamentaliza??o do Estado, que termina favorecendo padr?es industriais de produ??o, processamento e distribui??o de alimentos em maior escala. No centro das controv?rsias est? a exig?ncia de pasteuriza??o dos queijos ou de tempos m?nimos de cura, presentes em normas internacionais (Codex Alimentarius). No caso analisado, a legitima??o da regula??o sanit?ria se d? atrav?s da constru??o de padr?es de 'qualidade', 'risco' e 'seguran?a do alimentos', baseados em exames laboratoriais que apontam a presen?a, acima dos n?veis legais, em especial de dois grupos de microorganismos (coliformes fecais e Staphylococcus aureos), que levam ? classifica??o legal dos queijos como 'impr?prios ao consumo humano', entrando em choque com a percep??o da popula??o desses queijos como alimentos saborosos e seguros, parte da identidade cultural dos mineiros. Por serem produtos essencialmente 'vivos', contendo 'maus microrganismos' mas tamb?m 'bons microrganismos', respons?veis por caracter?sticas ?nicas de sabor e textura, as normas sanit?rias baseadas em crit?rios industriais entram em choque com tradi??es de produ??o e consumo dos queijos. Assim, os processos de ilegaliza??o geram rea??es, que buscam possibilidades de legaliza??o em emaranhados legais e institucionais cada vez mais complexos e que permitem a inclus?o apenas de uma minoria de fam?lias produtoras. A grande maioria permanece na informalidade, cada vez mais constru?da como ilegalidade. O trabalho de campo analisa dois munic?pios na regi?o do queijo Canastra e aponta um conjunto de elementos que comp?em um modo de se manter na atividade do queijo, que envolve tanto formas de produ??o quanto de comercializa??o, inseridas culturalmente num modo de vida, que garantem a reprodu??o das fam?lias e sua resili?ncia frente ?s press?es externas. O estudo desse caso coloca quest?es mais gerais sobre a rela??o entre Estado, Direito, Ci?ncia e mercados, assim como destes com popula??es camponesas. Discute tamb?m com no??es hegem?nicas de risco no que diz respeito ? sa?de e ? alimenta??o e seus efeitos sobre o modo de vida dessas mesmas popula??es e sobre as op??es de escolha dos consumidores.
| Identifer | oai:union.ndltd.org:IBICT/oai:localhost:jspui/1809 |
| Date | 06 September 2016 |
| Creators | CINTR?O, Ros?ngela Pezza |
| Contributors | Maluf, Renato Sergio Jamil, Maluf, Renato Sergio Jamil, Castiel, Luis David, Rabossi, Fernando, Schmitt, Cl?udia Job, Wilkinson, John |
| Publisher | Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncias Sociais em Desenvolvimento, Agricultura e Sociedade, UFRRJ, Brasil, Instituto de Ci?ncias Humanas e Sociais |
| Source Sets | IBICT Brazilian ETDs |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Detected Language | English |
| Type | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion, info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis |
| Format | application/pdf |
| Source | reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRRJ, instname:Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, instacron:UFRRJ |
| Rights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
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